Supernumerary Digit

A supernumerary digit, or polydactyly, is a congenital anomaly affecting the upper or lower extremities and is typically identified immediately after birth. Polydactyly is the most common congenital anomaly of the hand and foot, where affected individuals typically exhibit excessive fingers or toes, exceeding the usual count of 5. Parey, in the sixteenth century, documented individuals with more than the standard count of 5 fingers as having "superfluous fingers." Apart from Parey's historical description, artwork discovered in the southwestern "Four Corners" region of the United States portrays individuals with 6 digits on their hands and feet. This artwork is believed to have its origins in an early population that existed between AD 600 and 1280. The classification of polydactyly is contingent upon the location of the supernumerary digit. Preaxial polydactyly involves the radial or great toe side, postaxial polydactyly relates to the ulnar or fifth toe side, and central or mesoaxial polydactyly encompasses the second through fourth digits. Polydactyly is primarily an autosomal dominant anomaly and may manifest as an isolated condition or be associated with a syndrome. A comprehensive physical examination of newborns with polydactyly is imperative to evaluate the potential presence of associated syndromic disorders. This topic discusses the etiology and pathophysiology of polydactyly, as well as the significance of the interprofessional team in evaluating and treating affected patients.