J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2020 Dec;50(12):661-663. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2020.0611.
The opioid crisis is more severe in the United States than in any other country. This may be due, in part, to a cultural problem related to pain: Americans have come to expect quick, easy, physician-provided pain relief. Pharmaceuticals can neither cure injuries nor correct the underlying cause of any chronic musculoskeletal condition. Fortunately, people who regularly exercise have less pain, and guidelines for the management of painful chronic conditions already recommend exercise therapies over passive care. This suggests that self-care approaches emphasizing exercise are the logical, lowest-cost, first-line treatment. For patients who require guidance with exercise, the stepped-care approach to pain management commonly taught in medical school curricula should include guided physical rehabilitation early, if not first. This has been shown to be associated with fewer high-cost services and less opioid medication. Keeping people opioid naïve, when appropriate, could save tens of thousands of American lives annually and many more globally. Attitudes, behaviors, and policies must evolve to shed the culture of first-line pharmaceutical pain management. .
阿片类药物危机在美国比在任何其他国家都更为严重。这可能部分归因于与疼痛相关的文化问题:美国人已经习惯了快速、简便、由医生提供的止痛方法。药物既不能治愈损伤,也不能纠正任何慢性肌肉骨骼疾病的根本原因。幸运的是,经常锻炼的人疼痛较少,针对慢性疼痛疾病管理的指南已经建议将运动疗法作为被动治疗的替代。这表明强调运动的自我护理方法是合理的、成本最低的一线治疗方法。对于需要运动指导的患者,在医学课程中普遍教授的阶梯式疼痛管理方法应包括早期的引导性物理康复,如果不是首先进行的话。这已被证明与较少的高成本服务和较少的阿片类药物使用有关。在适当情况下让人们避免使用阿片类药物,每年可挽救数万名美国人的生命,在全球范围内则可挽救更多人的生命。必须改变态度、行为和政策,摆脱一线药物止痛的文化。