Fang Jui, Chang Ning-Fang, Tsui Po-Hsiang
Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
Entropy (Basel). 2018 Feb 11;20(2):120. doi: 10.3390/e20020120.
Ultrasound B-mode imaging based on log-compressed envelope data has been widely applied to examine hepatic steatosis. Modeling raw backscattered signals returned from the liver parenchyma by using statistical distributions can provide additional information to assist in hepatic steatosis diagnosis. Since raw data are not always available in modern ultrasound systems, information entropy, which is a widely known nonmodel-based approach, may allow ultrasound backscattering analysis using B-scan for assessing hepatic steatosis. In this study, we explored the feasibility of using ultrasound entropy imaging constructed using log-compressed backscattered envelopes for assessing hepatic steatosis. Different stages of hepatic steatosis were induced in male Wistar rats fed with a methionine- and choline-deficient diet for 0 (i.e., normal control) and 1, 1.5, and 2 weeks ( = 48; 12 rats in each group). In vivo scanning of rat livers was performed using a commercial ultrasound machine (Model 3000, Terason, Burlington, MA, USA) equipped with a 7-MHz linear array transducer (Model 10L5, Terason) for ultrasound B-mode and entropy imaging based on uncompressed ( image) and log-compressed envelopes ( image), which were subsequently compared with histopathological examinations. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and areas under the ROC curves (AUC) were used to assess diagnostic performance levels. The results showed that ultrasound entropy imaging can be used to assess hepatic steatosis. The AUCs obtained from imaging for diagnosing different steatosis stages were 0.93 (≥mild), 0.89 (≥moderate), and 0.89 (≥severe), respectively. imaging produced AUCs ranging from 0.74 (≥mild) to 0.84 (≥severe) as long as a higher number of bins was used to reconstruct the signal histogram for estimating entropy. The results indicated that entropy use enables ultrasound parametric imaging based on log-compressed envelope signals with great potential for diagnosing hepatic steatosis.
基于对数压缩包络数据的超声B模式成像已被广泛应用于检查肝脂肪变性。通过使用统计分布对从肝实质返回的原始背向散射信号进行建模，可以提供额外信息以辅助肝脂肪变性诊断。由于现代超声系统中原始数据并非总是可用，信息熵作为一种广为人知的非基于模型的方法，可能允许使用B扫描进行超声背向散射分析以评估肝脂肪变性。在本研究中，我们探讨了使用基于对数压缩背向散射包络构建的超声熵成像评估肝脂肪变性的可行性。给雄性Wistar大鼠喂食蛋氨酸和胆碱缺乏饮食0周（即正常对照）、1周、1.5周和2周，诱导出不同阶段的肝脂肪变性（每组n = 48；每组12只大鼠）。使用配备7MHz线性阵列换能器（型号10L5，Terason）的商用超声仪（型号3000，Terason，美国马萨诸塞州伯灵顿）对大鼠肝脏进行体内扫描，以基于未压缩（图像）和对数压缩包络（图像）进行超声B模式和熵成像，随后将其与组织病理学检查进行比较。使用受试者操作特征（ROC）曲线分析和ROC曲线下面积（AUC）来评估诊断性能水平。结果表明超声熵成像可用于评估肝脂肪变性。从成像获得的用于诊断不同脂肪变性阶段的AUC分别为0.93（≥轻度）、0.89（≥中度）和0.89（≥重度）。只要使用更多的箱来重建信号直方图以估计熵，成像产生的AUC范围从0.74（≥轻度）到0.84（≥重度）。结果表明，使用熵能够基于对数压缩包络信号进行超声参数成像，在诊断肝脂肪变性方面具有巨大潜力。
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