USDA-ARS, U.S. Salinity Lab, 450 W Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA.
Department of Plants, Soils, and Climate, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences (CAAS), Utah State University (USU), Logan, UT, 85332, USA.
Sci Rep. 2020 Dec 3;10(1):21087. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78036-4.
Fourteen commercial almond rootstocks were tested under five types of irrigation waters to understand the genetic, physiological, and biochemical bases of salt-tolerance mechanisms. Treatments included control (T1) and four saline water treatments dominant in sodium-sulfate (T2), sodium-chloride (T3), sodium-chloride/sulfate (T4), and calcium/magnesium-chloride/sulfate (T5). T3 caused the highest reduction in survival rate and trunk diameter, followed by T4 and T2, indicating that Na and, to a lesser extent, Cl were the most toxic ions to almond rootstocks. Peach hybrid (Empyrean 1) and peach-almond hybrids (Cornerstone, Bright's Hybrid 5, and BB 106) were the most tolerant to salinity. Rootstock's performance under salinity correlated highly with its leaf Na and Cl concentrations, indicating that Na and Cl exclusion is crucial for salinity tolerance in Prunus. Photosynthetic rate correlated with trunk diameter and proline leaf ratio (T3/T1) significantly correlated with the exclusion of Na and Cl, which directly affected the survival rate. Expression analyses of 23 genes involved in salinity stress revealed that the expression differences among genotypes were closely associated with their performance under salinity. Our genetic, molecular, and biochemical analyses allowed us to characterize rootstocks based on component traits of the salt-tolerance mechanisms, which may facilitate the development of highly salt-tolerant rootstocks.
对 14 种商业杏仁砧木进行了 5 种灌溉水类型的测试，以了解耐盐机制的遗传、生理和生化基础。处理包括对照（T1）和 4 种以硫酸钠（T2）、氯化钠（T3）、氯化钠/硫酸盐（T4）和钙/镁氯化物/硫酸盐（T5）为主的盐处理。T3 导致存活率和树干直径下降最大，其次是 T4 和 T2，表明 Na 和在较小程度上 Cl 是对杏仁砧木最具毒性的离子。桃杂种（Empyrean 1）和桃-杏仁杂种（Cornerstone、Bright's Hybrid 5 和 BB 106）对盐度最耐受。砧木在盐度下的表现与叶片 Na 和 Cl 浓度高度相关，表明 Na 和 Cl 的排除对于 Prunus 的耐盐性至关重要。光合速率与树干直径显著相关，脯氨酸叶片比（T3/T1）与 Na 和 Cl 的排除显著相关，这直接影响存活率。参与盐胁迫的 23 个基因的表达分析表明，基因型之间的表达差异与其在盐胁迫下的表现密切相关。我们的遗传、分子和生化分析使我们能够根据耐盐机制的组成特征对砧木进行分类，这可能有助于开发高度耐盐的砧木。
