Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Zona Educacional, 4 (Edifici W3), Campus Sescelades, 43007, Tarragona, Spain; Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Avinguda de Catalunya, 35, 43002, Tarragona, Spain.
Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Zona Educacional, 4 (Edifici W3), Campus Sescelades, 43007, Tarragona, Spain; Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Avinguda de Catalunya, 35, 43002, Tarragona, Spain; Unit Associated to CSIC, Departamento de Paleobiología. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, C/ José Gutierrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
Int J Paleopathol. 2021 Mar;32:23-30. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2020.11.002. Epub 2020 Dec 1.
To reconstruct the etiology of a perimortem injury observed on a Neolithic - Chalcolithic cranium (5060 - 4400 yrs cal. BP).
A cranium of an old adult male individual belonging to a collective burial from Cova Foradada site (Calafell, Tarragona, Spain).
The cranium was analyzed macroscopically and microscopically using micro-CT scan.
The fracture on the right parietal bone presents characteristics of perimortem trauma. The morphology of the point of impact allows for the interpretation of this fracture as a result of impact by an object with a straight and sharp edge. In addition, the same cranium presents two healed antemortem injuries.
The object that most likely caused the cranial fracture was a stone adze. The blow occurred from behind the individual, possibly by a right-handed attacker.
The potential to link cranial fractures with specific tools increases our understanding of interpersonal violence during the Neolithic.
It is not possible to infer if this cranial injury was related to a large-scale intergroup confrontation or an intragroup violent event.
To investigate additional similar sites in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula to better characterize the fracture pattern caused by stone axes and adzes as well as other objects used as weapons during the Neolithic - Chalcolithic ages.
重建在新石器时代-铜石并用时代颅骨（5060-4400 年前 cal. BP）上观察到的濒死期损伤的病因。
属于西班牙塔拉戈纳卡拉菲尔（Calafell）遗址集体埋葬的一个老年男性个体的颅骨。
使用微 CT 扫描对颅骨进行宏观和微观分析。
右顶骨上的骨折具有濒死期创伤的特征。撞击点的形态允许将此骨折解释为受具有直而锐利边缘的物体撞击的结果。此外，同一颅骨还存在两处愈合的生前损伤。
最有可能导致颅骨骨折的物体是石斧。打击来自个体的后方，可能来自右手攻击者。
将颅骨骨折与特定工具联系起来的可能性增加了我们对新石器时代人际暴力的理解。
无法推断这种颅骨损伤是否与大规模的群体对抗或群体内部的暴力事件有关。
调查伊比利亚半岛东北部的其他类似遗址，以更好地描述新石器时代-铜石并用时代石斧和石锛以及其他用作武器的物体造成的骨折模式。
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