Kaiser Matthias, Starke Alexander
Klinik für Klauentiere, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig.
Nutztierpraxis VM-Striegistal, Kaltofen, Striegistal.
Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere. 2020 Dec;48(6):367-377. doi: 10.1055/a-1274-9011. Epub 2020 Dec 4.
The management and treatment of teat injuries represent major challenges in modern dairy farming. The injury per se, its treatment and the handling of the cow during the healing process interfere with the principal purpose of the cow, which is the production of saleable milk. The study presents treatment and post-operative management based on the evaluation of a large data set.
The data from patients of the Clinic of Ruminants and Swine of the University Leipzig from May 2012 to July 2017 were analysed in a retrospective study. The location and type of injury, initial and post-operative medication, and treatment and outcome were analyzed.
In total, 120 teat injuries in 116 cows were treated. The teat canal was the most common location of injuries (n = 85; 70.8 %), and closed injuries (without an external wound) were the most frequent type (n = 73; 60.8 %). Of all teat canal injuries, 65 (54.2 %) were internal and did not involve the skin. Most of these injuries were treated under theloscopic guidance directly after initial examination irrespective of concomitant disorders, such as thelitis (except severe acute), cysternitis and mastitis. The majority of treated teats (n = 98; 87.4 %) had functional healing and could be milked, 8 (7.2 %) of treated teats were amputated and in the remaining functional healing was achieved after a second surgery. According to an owner survey at least 700 days post-treatment, 23 (21.5 %) of the surgically treated cows and 50 % (n = 2) of the non-surgically treated cows were slaughtered in consequence of complications associated with the treated teat or the corresponding quarter.
Teat injuries are commonly seen in dairy practice. A successful outcome is obtainable when surgical or medical treatment is administered promptly and consequently in addition to an appropriate post-operative management and monitoring.
乳头损伤的管理与治疗是现代奶牛养殖中的重大挑战。损伤本身、其治疗以及奶牛在愈合过程中的处理都会干扰奶牛的主要目的，即生产可销售的牛奶。本研究基于对大量数据集的评估，呈现了治疗方法及术后管理措施。
在一项回顾性研究中，分析了莱比锡大学反刍动物与猪诊所2012年5月至2017年7月患者的数据。对损伤的位置和类型、初始及术后用药、治疗及结果进行了分析。
共治疗了116头奶牛的120处乳头损伤。乳头管是最常见的损伤部位（n = 85；70.8%），闭合性损伤（无外部伤口）是最常见的类型（n = 73；60.8%）。在所有乳头管损伤中，65处（54.2%）为内部损伤，未累及皮肤。这些损伤大多在初次检查后直接在乳头镜引导下进行治疗，无论是否伴有乳头炎（严重急性乳头炎除外）、乳腺池炎和乳腺炎等并发疾病。大多数接受治疗的乳头（n = 98；87.4%）实现了功能性愈合且可以挤奶，8处（7.2%）接受治疗的乳头被切除，其余的在二次手术后实现了功能性愈合。根据治疗后至少700天的畜主调查，23头（21.5%）接受手术治疗的奶牛以及50%（n = 2）未接受手术治疗的奶牛因与治疗乳头或相应乳腺区相关的并发症而被屠宰。
乳头损伤在奶牛养殖实践中很常见。除了适当的术后管理和监测外，及时且合理地进行手术或药物治疗，可获得成功的治疗结果。
