Abuladze Liili, Opikova Galina, Lang Katrin
Estonian Institute for Population Studies, School of Governance, Law and Society, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia.
The Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
SAGE Open Med. 2020 Nov 20;8:2050312120974167. doi: 10.1177/2050312120974167. eCollection 2020.
Relatively scant research among older Estonian population describes factors associated with the incidence of depressive symptoms. This study identifies factors associated with the incidence of depressiveness among middle-aged and older Estonians over 2- and 4-year periods.
In this cross-sectional analysis, logistic regression models are used to identify the factors associated with the incidence of depressiveness over 2- and 4-year periods. The data were drawn from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) 2011-2015 which included Estonian population aged 53 years and older in 2013. After excluding those younger than 53 years, not interviewed 2 years later, those with depressive symptoms at baseline in 2013, and missing values for depressiveness or other variables, our analytical sample comprised 2513 people.
Among those who were not depressive in 2013, 21.9% became depressive within 2 years; 16.1% of non-depressive individuals since 2011 became depressive by 2015. No age differences in incidence remained in adjusted models. Women have almost 50% higher odds of becoming depressive. A previous history of depressiveness and the presence of everyday activity limitations were important factors increasing the incidence of depression.
Changes related to the individual's unique ageing experience are important explanatory factors related to the likelihood of developing depressive symptoms, rather than age itself. To diminish the incidence of depressive symptoms among older Estonian population, public health interventions should attempt to address factors which complicate existing health problems and facilitate continued independence and community involvement, both of which contribute to overall satisfaction with life.
针对爱沙尼亚老年人群体的相关研究相对较少，鲜有描述与抑郁症状发生率相关的因素。本研究确定了爱沙尼亚中年及老年人群在2年和4年期间与抑郁发生率相关的因素。
在这项横断面分析中，采用逻辑回归模型来确定2年和4年期间与抑郁发生率相关的因素。数据取自2011 - 2015年欧洲健康、老龄化与退休调查（SHARE），其中包括2013年爱沙尼亚53岁及以上的人群。在排除年龄小于53岁、2年后未接受访谈、2013年基线时有抑郁症状以及抑郁或其他变量存在缺失值的人群后，我们的分析样本包括2513人。
在2013年无抑郁症状的人群中，21.9%在2年内出现抑郁症状；自201开始未患抑郁症的个体中，16.1%到2015年时出现了抑郁症状。在调整后的模型中，发病率不存在年龄差异。女性出现抑郁症状的几率高出近50%。既往有抑郁病史以及存在日常活动受限是增加抑郁症发病率的重要因素。
与个体独特衰老经历相关的变化是与出现抑郁症状可能性相关的重要解释因素，而非年龄本身。为降低爱沙尼亚老年人群体中抑郁症状的发生率，公共卫生干预措施应致力于解决那些使现有健康问题复杂化的因素，并促进持续的独立性和社区参与，这两者都有助于提高总体生活满意度。
