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双熵、三熵与素性

BiEntropy, TriEntropy and Primality.

作者信息

Croll Grenville J

机构信息

Alternative Natural Philosophy Association, Bury St Edmunds IP30 9QX, UK.

出版信息

Entropy (Basel). 2020 Mar 10;22(3):311. doi: 10.3390/e22030311.

Abstract

The order and disorder of binary representations of the natural numbers < 2 is measured using the BiEntropy function. Significant differences are detected between the primes and the non-primes. The BiEntropic prime density is shown to be quadratic with a very small Gaussian distributed error. The work is repeated in binary using a Monte Carlo simulation of a sample of natural numbers < 2 and in trinary for all natural numbers < 3 with similar but cubic results. We found a significant relationship between BiEntropy and TriEntropy such that we can discriminate between the primes and numbers divisible by six. We discuss the theoretical basis of these results and show how they generalise to give a tight bound on the variance of Pi()-Li() for all . This bound is much tighter than the bound given by Von Koch in 1901 as an equivalence for proof of the Riemann Hypothesis. Since the primes are Gaussian due to a simple induction on the binary derivative, this implies that the twin primes conjecture is true. We also provide absolutely convergent asymptotes for the numbers of Fermat and Mersenne primes in the appendices.

摘要

使用双熵函数来度量小于2的自然数的二进制表示的有序性和无序性。在质数和非质数之间检测到了显著差异。双熵质数密度显示为二次函数,带有非常小的高斯分布误差。使用小于2的自然数样本的蒙特卡罗模拟在二进制中重复该工作,并在三进制中对小于3的所有自然数进行重复,得到了类似但为三次函数的结果。我们发现双熵和三熵之间存在显著关系,使得我们能够区分质数和能被6整除的数。我们讨论了这些结果的理论基础,并展示了它们如何推广以给出对于所有的Pi()-Li()方差的一个紧密界。这个界比1901年冯·科赫给出的作为黎曼假设证明等价物的界要紧密得多。由于通过对二进制导数的简单归纳,质数是高斯分布的,这意味着孪生素数猜想是正确的。我们还在附录中提供了费马质数和梅森质数数量的绝对收敛渐近线。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/cfd2/7516769/7ca4b225d502/entropy-22-00311-g0A2.jpg

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