Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093 La Jolla, CA, USA.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2021 Apr;68:144-150. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.11.005. Epub 2020 Dec 6.
New small molecules are continuing to emerge as metabolically derived regulators of cell function. Itaconate is a recent example where endogenous mammalian synthesis was demonstrated only seven years ago. Since then, interest in the biochemistry and therapeutic potential of itaconate has grown dramatically. Itaconate is an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid that has antimicrobial properties and modulates metabolic pathways throughout the cell. Naturally occurring mutations of enzymes involved in human itaconate synthesis and degradation pathways are associated with disease susceptibility and immunity. Here, we highlight recent discoveries on itaconate metabolism and discuss the relevance of its evolutionary origin to its function in mammals. We also consider the therapeutic relevance of itaconate metabolism and its derivatives for treating metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
新的小分子不断涌现，成为调节细胞功能的代谢产物。异丁烯酸是最近的一个例子，仅在七年前就证明了内源性哺乳动物合成。从那时起，人们对异丁烯酸的生物化学和治疗潜力产生了浓厚的兴趣。异丁烯酸是一种不饱和二羧酸，具有抗菌特性，并调节细胞内的代谢途径。涉及人类异丁烯酸合成和降解途径的酶的自然发生突变与疾病易感性和免疫有关。在这里，我们重点介绍异丁烯酸代谢的最新发现，并讨论其在哺乳动物中的功能与其进化起源的相关性。我们还考虑了异丁烯酸代谢及其衍生物在治疗代谢和炎症性疾病方面的治疗相关性。
