Laidlaw Tess, Hector Tobias E, Sgrò Carla M, Hall Matthew D
School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Geometric Biology Monash University Melbourne Vic. Australia.
Ecol Evol. 2020 Nov 6;10(23):12851-12859. doi: 10.1002/ece3.6828. eCollection 2020 Dec.
The climate is warming at an unprecedented rate, pushing many species toward and beyond the upper temperatures at which they can survive. Global change is also leading to dramatic shifts in the distribution of pathogens. As a result, upper thermal limits and susceptibility to infection should be key determinants of whether populations continue to persist, or instead go extinct. Within a population, however, individuals vary in both their resistance to both heat stress and infection, and their contributions to vital growth rates. No more so is this true than for males and females. Each sex often varies in their response to pathogen exposure, thermal tolerances, and particularly their influence on population growth, owing to the higher parental investment that females typically make in their offspring. To date, the interplay between host sex, infection, and upper thermal limits has been neglected. Here, we explore the response of male and female to bacterial infection and static heat stress. We find that female , when uninfected, are much more resistant to static heat stress than males, but that infection negates any advantage that females are afforded. We discuss how the capacity of a population to cope with multiple stressors may be underestimated unless both sexes are considered simultaneously.
气候正以前所未有的速度变暖，迫使许多物种走向并超越其所能承受的最高温度。全球变化也导致病原体的分布发生巨大变化。因此，热上限和对感染的易感性应该是种群能否持续存在或灭绝的关键决定因素。然而，在一个种群中，个体对热应激和感染的抵抗力以及它们对重要增长率的贡献各不相同。在雄性和雌性之间尤其如此。由于雌性通常对其后代投入更多的亲代投资，每种性别对病原体暴露、热耐受性的反应，特别是它们对种群增长的影响往往有所不同。迄今为止，宿主性别、感染和热上限之间的相互作用一直被忽视。在这里，我们探究了雄性和雌性对细菌感染和静态热应激的反应。我们发现，未感染时，雌性比雄性对静态热应激的抵抗力要强得多，但感染会消除雌性所具有的任何优势。我们讨论了，除非同时考虑两性，否则种群应对多种压力源的能力可能会被低估。
