Doctoral Student, Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2020 Nov;81(6):697-709.
The expansion of transnational alcohol corporations (TACs) in Southeast Asia has been suggested as a possible contributor to increased alcohol advertising, promotion, and sponsorship (AAPS), which in turn may have contributed to increasing rates of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems. The aim of this scoping review is to document the growth of TACs in the region and to critically evaluate the development of alcohol policies to regulate AAPS in 10 Southeast Asian nations.
National policies related to AAPS were reviewed using data from the Global Information System on Alcohol and Health, following the framework of the WHO Global Strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol. The policy review was supplemented with data from corporate annual reports, press releases, four databases of academic literature, market research from Euromonitor International, and news articles.
Four TACs--Carlsberg, Diageo, Heineken, and San Miguel--have been expanding operations in Southeast Asia by setting up new breweries, acquiring local alcohol companies as subsidiaries, and entering into joint ventures. In contrast, policies for regulating AAPS vary across Southeast Asia and range from nonexistent to strong control of AAPS. There is strong control of AAPS in countries with existing legislation ranging from a complete ban (Brunei) to almost comprehensive bans (Indonesia, Myanmar, Laos) and partial bans (Thailand). Nonexistent to weak control of AAPS is observed in the Philippines, Singapore, Cambodia, Malaysia, and Vietnam, which mostly rely on voluntary regulation.
The study's findings point to the growing power of TACs in the region and call for the need for stronger measures based on scientific evidence of effectiveness that are implemented without interference from commercial interests.
跨国酒精公司（TACs）在东南亚的扩张被认为是增加酒精广告、促销和赞助（AAPS）的可能原因，而这反过来又可能导致酒精消费和与酒精相关问题的发生率上升。本范围审查的目的是记录该地区 TACs 的增长，并批判性地评估 10 个东南亚国家制定的酒精政策，以规范 AAPS。
使用全球酒精与健康信息系统的数据，根据世界卫生组织减少有害酒精使用全球战略的框架，审查与 AAPS 相关的国家政策。该政策审查补充了来自公司年度报告、新闻稿、四个学术文献数据库、欧睿国际市场研究和新闻文章的数据。
四家 TACs——嘉士伯、帝亚吉欧、喜力和 San Miguel——通过建立新的啤酒厂、收购当地酒精公司作为子公司以及进入合资企业，在东南亚扩大业务。相比之下，AAPS 的政策在东南亚各地存在差异，从不存在到严格控制 AAPS 不等。在有立法的国家，对 AAPS 有严格的控制，从完全禁止（文莱）到几乎全面禁止（印度尼西亚、缅甸、老挝）和部分禁止（泰国）。在菲律宾、新加坡、柬埔寨、马来西亚和越南，对 AAPS 的控制从不存在到薄弱，主要依赖于自愿监管。
研究结果表明，TACs 在该地区的影响力越来越大，呼吁采取更强有力的措施，这些措施基于有效性的科学证据，并在不受商业利益干扰的情况下实施。
