Is great information good enough? Evidence from physicians as patients.

We place an upper bound on the degree to which policies aimed at improving the information deficiencies of patients may lead to greater adherence to clinical guidelines and recommended practices. To do so, we compare the degree of adherence attained by a group of patients that should have the best possible information on health care practices-i.e., physicians as patients-with that attained by a comparable group of non-physician patients, taking various steps to account for unobservable differences between the two groups. Our results suggest that physicians, at best, do only slightly better in adhering to both low- and high-value care guidelines than non-physicians.