Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
Office of the Vice Chancellor, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3216, New Zealand.
J Food Sci. 2021 Jan;86(1):177-183. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.15557. Epub 2020 Dec 16.
Chocolate has specific rheological behavior during oral processing that delivers its distinct sensory characteristics. When incorporating functional or flavoring ingredients into chocolate, these properties must be maintained to meet consumer expectation. Water-soluble and fat-soluble ingredients have a potential effect on the properties of chocolate; therefore, successfully adding functional supplements in this medium can have challenges. This study investigated the effect of functional or flavoring ingredients on chocolate microstructure, mouthfeel (texture), and flavor release, during oral processing. Participants were classified by their oral processing "pattern": a chewing preference (CP), a sucking preference (SP), and a mixed group who had a preference for both chewing and sucking (MP). Chocolate samples (72% dark chocolate) were prepared with different flavor ingredients (water-soluble: ginger powder and fat-soluble: menthol). Instrumental testing of chocolate viscosity and hardness showed no significant differences in chocolate with low concentrations of added ingredients (0.5% ginger and 0.1% mint), while chocolate with higher concentration (2.5% ginger and 0.5% mint) showed a significant difference compared to standard chocolate. Modified Qualitative Descriptive Analysis (MQDA) tests showed no significant differences in sensory perception of texture between the formulations, or the oral processing behavior groups. There was an impact on flavor perception both from composition and from oral processing behavior. The CP group rated the chocolate with the lowest flavoring concentration as also having the lowest cocoa flavor intensity. Moreover, the MP and SP groups showed a similar perception of cocoa flavor intensity.
巧克力在口腔加工过程中具有特定的流变学行为,从而产生其独特的感官特性。在将功能性或调味成分融入巧克力时,必须保持这些特性以满足消费者的期望。水溶性和脂溶性成分对巧克力的性质有潜在影响;因此,在这种媒介中成功添加功能性补充剂可能具有挑战性。本研究调查了功能性或调味成分对巧克力微观结构、口感(质地)和口腔加工过程中释放的影响。参与者根据他们的口腔加工“模式”进行分类:咀嚼偏好(CP)、吸吮偏好(SP)和同时喜欢咀嚼和吸吮的混合组(MP)。用不同的风味成分(水溶性:姜粉和脂溶性:薄荷醇)制备巧克力样品(72%黑巧克力)。巧克力粘度和硬度的仪器测试显示,添加低浓度成分(0.5%姜和 0.1%薄荷)的巧克力没有显著差异,而添加高浓度(2.5%姜和 0.5%薄荷)的巧克力与标准巧克力相比存在显著差异。改良的定性描述分析(MQDA)测试表明,配方之间以及口腔加工行为组之间在质地的感官感知方面没有显著差异。组成和口腔加工行为都对风味感知有影响。CP 组将最低调味浓度的巧克力评为可可风味强度也最低。此外,MP 和 SP 组对可可风味强度的感知相似。
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