Kuroki Mayumi, Fukui Takao
Graduate School of Systems Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hino, Japan.
Front Psychol. 2020 Dec 3;11:587080. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.587080. eCollection 2020.
In a study concerning visual body part recognition, a "self-advantage" effect, whereby self-related body stimuli are processed faster and more accurately than other-related body stimuli, was revealed, and the emergence of this effect is assumed to be tightly linked to implicit motor simulation, which is activated when performing a hand laterality judgment task in which hand ownership is not explicitly required. Here, we ran two visual hand recognition tasks, namely, a hand laterality judgment task and a self-other discrimination task, to investigate (i) whether the self-advantage emerged even if implicit motor imagery was assumed to be working less efficiently and (ii) how individual traits [such as autistic traits and the extent of positive self-body image, as assessed the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) and the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2), respectively] modulate performance in these hand recognition tasks. Participants were presented with hand images in two orientations [i.e., upright (egocentric) and upside-down (allocentric)] and asked to judge whether it was a left or right hand (an implicit hand laterality judgment task). They were also asked to determine whether it was their own, or another person's hand (an explicit self-other discrimination task). Data collected from men and women were analyzed separately. The self-advantage effect in the hand laterality judgment task was not revealed, suggesting that only two orientation conditions are not enough to trigger this motor simulation. Furthermore, the men's group showed a significant positive correlation between AQ scores and reaction times (RTs) in the laterality judgment task, while the women's group showed a significant negative correlation between AQ scores and differences in RTs and a significant positive correlation between BAS-2 scores and dprime in the self-other discrimination task. These results suggest that men and women differentially adopt specific strategies and/or execution processes for implicit and explicit hand recognition tasks.
在一项关于视觉身体部位识别的研究中，发现了一种“自我优势”效应，即与自我相关的身体刺激比与他人相关的身体刺激处理得更快、更准确，并且这种效应的出现被认为与内隐运动模拟紧密相关，当执行一项不明确要求手部所有权的手部偏侧性判断任务时，内隐运动模拟就会被激活。在此，我们进行了两项视觉手部识别任务，即手部偏侧性判断任务和自我-他人辨别任务，以研究：（i）即使假设内隐运动表象的工作效率较低，自我优势是否依然会出现；（ii）个体特质[如分别通过自闭症谱系商数（AQ）和身体欣赏量表-2（BAS-2）评估的自闭症特质和积极自我身体意象的程度]如何调节这些手部识别任务中的表现。向参与者呈现两种方向的手部图像[即正立（以自我为中心）和倒立（以他人为中心）]，并要求他们判断是左手还是右手（一项内隐手部偏侧性判断任务）。他们还被要求确定是自己的手还是他人的手（一项明确的自我-他人辨别任务）。分别对从男性和女性收集的数据进行了分析。在手部偏侧性判断任务中未发现自我优势效应，这表明仅两种方向条件不足以触发这种运动模拟。此外，男性组在偏侧性判断任务中的AQ得分与反应时间（RTs）之间存在显著正相关，而女性组在自我-他人辨别任务中的AQ得分与RTs差异之间存在显著负相关，且BAS-2得分与d'之间存在显著正相关。这些结果表明，男性和女性在隐式和显式手部识别任务中采用了不同的特定策略和/或执行过程。
