Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.
Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Science, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.
Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2020 Dec 7;9(13):11. doi: 10.1167/tvst.9.13.11. eCollection 2020 Dec.
The purpose of this study was to report the association between visual impairment (VI) and self-reported visual difficulty among the elderly in residential care using the Indian Vision Functioning Questionnaire (IND-VFQ-33) psychometrically validated questionnaire.
Participants aged ≥ 60 years were recruited from 41 homes in Hyderabad in South India. All participants underwent detailed eye examination and interviews. Self-reported visual function was assessed using the IND-VFQ-33 questionnaire. Factor Analysis and Item Response Theory (IRT) models were used for analysis. Multivariable regression models were used to investigate associations between derived global difficulty scores versus severity and causes of VI. Presenting visual acuity worse than 6/18 in the better eye was considered as VI.
In total, 867 elderly participants completed the INDVFQ-33. Two latent traits ("daily activities" and "visual symptoms") were identified on factor analysis, each with uniquely loading questions. Participants with VI reported significantly higher daily activities difficulty (6 points higher) and visual symptoms difficulty (1.7 points higher) than those without VI ( < 0.05). Those with cataract reported the highest daily activities and visual symptoms difficulty (7.6 points and 2.2 points higher, respectively, < 0.05). Greater severity of VI was associated with increased self-reported difficulty for both factors, and for all causes of VI.
We present a psychometrically validated visual questionnaire particularly suited to older adults in residential homes. We show a significant association between cause/severity of VI and difficulty with daily activities and visual symptoms after adjusting for sociodemographic and medical factors.
Understanding the impact of vision loss on visual functions in the elderly will help in planning and resource allocation for developing early intervention programs for the elderly.
本研究旨在报告使用经过心理测量验证的印度视觉功能问卷（IND-VFQ-33），报告视力障碍（VI）与养老院中老年人自述视力困难之间的关联。
在印度海得拉巴的 41 家养老院招募了年龄≥60 岁的参与者。所有参与者都接受了详细的眼部检查和访谈。使用 IND-VFQ-33 问卷评估自述视觉功能。采用因子分析和项目反应理论（IRT）模型进行分析。使用多变量回归模型调查得出的整体困难评分与 VI 的严重程度和病因之间的关联。将较好眼的视力低于 6/18 定义为 VI。
共有 867 名老年人完成了 INDVFQ-33 问卷。因子分析确定了两个潜在特征（“日常活动”和“视觉症状”），每个特征都有独特的加载问题。与没有 VI 的参与者相比，有 VI 的参与者报告的日常活动困难（高 6 分）和视觉症状困难（高 1.7 分）明显更高（<0.05）。白内障患者报告的日常活动和视觉症状困难最高（分别高 7.6 分和 2.2 分，<0.05）。VI 的严重程度增加与两个因素以及所有 VI 病因的自我报告困难增加相关。
我们提出了一种经过心理测量验证的视觉问卷，特别适合养老院中的老年人。在调整社会人口统计学和医疗因素后，我们发现 VI 的病因/严重程度与日常活动和视觉症状的困难之间存在显著关联。
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