Zulli Alessandro, Bakker Alexa, Racharaks Ratanachat, Nieto-Caballero Marina, Hernandez Mark, Shaughnessy Richard, Haverinen-Shaughnessy Ulla, Ijaz M Khalid, Rubino Joseph, Peccia Jordan
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
Deparment of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO.
Am J Infect Control. 2021 Apr;49(4):464-468. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.12.006. Epub 2020 Dec 29.
Schools represent high occupancy environments and well-documented high-risk locations for the transmission of respiratory viruses. The goal of this study was to report on the area density, occurrence, and type of respiratory viruses on desks in primary school classrooms.
Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) techniques were employed to measure nucleic acid area densities from a broad range of human adenoviruses and rhinoviruses, as well as coronavirus OC43, influenza A, and norovirus GI. Every two weeks, virus monitoring was conducted on the desks of four primary school classrooms in Colorado, USA, during the 2019 respiratory virus season.
DNA and RNA from respiratory viruses and norovirus were recovered from more than 20% of the desks sampled; occurrence patterns that indicate a greater than 60% probability of encountering any virus, if more than five desks were occupied in a day. Rhinoviruses and adenoviruses were the most commonly detected viruses as judged by the composite of occurrence and number of gene copies recovered. Desktop adenosine triphosphate monitoring did not predict the recovery of viral genomic materials on desks. School desks can be commonly contaminated with respiratory viruses.
Genomic surveys of the identity, distribution and abundance of human viruses on "high-touch" surfaces, can help inform risk assessments, design cleaning interventions, and may be useful for infection surveillance.
学校是人员密集的场所，也是呼吸道病毒传播的高风险地点，这一点已有充分记录。本研究的目的是报告小学教室课桌上呼吸道病毒的面积密度、存在情况及类型。
采用定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（qPCR）技术，测量多种人类腺病毒、鼻病毒、冠状病毒OC43、甲型流感病毒和诺如病毒GI的核酸面积密度。在2019年呼吸道病毒流行季期间，每两周对美国科罗拉多州四所小学教室的课桌进行一次病毒监测。
在超过20%的采样课桌上检测到了呼吸道病毒和诺如病毒的DNA和RNA；如果一天内有超过五张课桌被使用，出现模式表明遇到任何病毒的概率大于60%。从出现情况和回收的基因拷贝数量综合判断，鼻病毒和腺病毒是最常检测到的病毒。桌面三磷酸腺苷监测无法预测课桌上病毒基因组材料的回收情况。学校课桌常被呼吸道病毒污染。
对“高接触”表面上人类病毒的身份、分布和丰度进行基因组调查，有助于进行风险评估、设计清洁干预措施，可能还对感染监测有用。
