Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK.
Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK.
Environ Health Perspect. 2020 Dec;128(12):126002. doi: 10.1289/EHP7171. Epub 2020 Dec 23.
Microplastics (MPs) have contaminated all compartments of the marine environment including biota such as seafood; ingestion from such sources is one of the two major uptake routes identified for human exposure.
The objectives were to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the levels of MP contamination in seafood and to subsequently estimate the annual human uptake.
MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched from launch (1947, 1974, and 1900, respectively) up to October 2020 for all studies reporting MP content in seafood species. Mean, standard deviations, and ranges of MPs found were collated. Studies were appraised systematically using a bespoke risk of bias (RoB) assessment tool.
Fifty studies were included in the systematic review and 19 in the meta-analysis. Evidence was available on four phyla: mollusks, crustaceans, fish, and echinodermata. The majority of studies identified MP contamination in seafood and reported MP content , with 26% of studies rated as having a high RoB, mainly due to analysis or reporting weaknesses. Mollusks collected off the coasts of Asia were the most heavily contaminated, coinciding with reported trends of MP contamination in the sea. According to the statistical summary, MP content was in mollusks, in crustaceans, in fish, and in echinodermata. Maximum annual human MP uptake was estimated to be close to 55,000 MP particles. Statistical, sample, and methodological heterogeneity was high.
This is the first systematic review, to our knowledge, to assess and quantify MP contamination of seafood and human uptake from its consumption, suggesting that action must be considered in order to reduce human exposure via such consumption. Further high-quality research using standardized methods is needed to cement the scientific evidence on MP contamination and human exposures. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7171.
微塑料（MPs）已经污染了海洋环境的所有领域，包括海鲜等生物群；从这些来源摄入是确定人类暴露的两种主要途径之一。
本研究旨在对海鲜中 MP 污染水平进行系统评价和荟萃分析，进而估算人类的年摄入量。
从 1947 年、1974 年和 1900 年（分别为 MEDLINE、EMBASE 和 Web of Science 的启动时间）到 2020 年 10 月，使用 MEDLINE、EMBASE 和 Web of Science 搜索所有报告海鲜物种中 MP 含量的研究。整理了发现的 MPs 的平均值、标准差和范围。使用专门的风险偏倚（RoB）评估工具对研究进行系统评价。
共纳入 50 项系统评价和 19 项荟萃分析研究。证据来自四个门：软体动物、甲壳类动物、鱼类和棘皮动物。大多数研究都发现了海鲜中的 MP 污染，并报告了 MP 含量，其中 26%的研究被评为 RoB 较高，主要是由于分析或报告存在缺陷。亚洲沿海地区采集的贝类污染最为严重，与海洋中 MP 污染的报告趋势相吻合。根据统计总结，贝类中 MP 含量为，甲壳类中为，鱼类中为，棘皮动物中为。估计每年人类摄入的 MP 数量接近 55000 个颗粒。统计、样本和方法学异质性很高。
这是首次评估和量化海鲜中 MP 污染和人类通过食用海鲜摄入 MP 的系统评价，表明必须考虑采取行动，以减少通过这种方式摄入导致的人类暴露。需要进一步开展使用标准化方法的高质量研究，以确定 MP 污染和人类暴露的科学证据。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7171.
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