Ochôa Rodrigues Catarina, Ferreira Maria Teresa, Matos Vítor, Gonçalves David
University of Coimbra, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
Sci Justice. 2021 Jan;61(1):26-36. doi: 10.1016/j.scijus.2020.09.007. Epub 2020 Oct 1.
The true impact of heat-induced changes in human bone regarding their sex estimation has not been comprehensively documented having a potentially negative impact on forensic anthropology. The objective of this paper was to evaluate how heat exposure affects sex estimation based on both morphological and metric features. The study focused in both low-to-medium intensity burns and high intensity burns. Selected sexually dimorphic features were analysed in 51 experimentally burnt skeletons from the 21st Century Identified Skeletal Collection. Bones were burnt to maximum temperatures between 450 °C and 1050 °C achieved after 75 to 257 min. Morphological methods tested in this study comprised the recommendations for hipbone features from Buikstra and Ubelaker (1994) and from Bruzek (2002). On the other hand, metric references tested here were the ones from Wasterlain (2000), Curate et al. (2016) and Gonçalves et al. (2013) focused on the humerus, femur, calcaneus and talus. Agreement was tested with Gwet's AC1 test and was further assessed by calculating the relative amount of perfect agreements. Results demonstrated that heat-induced changes affected not only the scoring of morphological features burnt at high temperatures but also the scoring of features burnt at lower intensities. On the other hand, metric features were only considerably affected in high intensity burns, no major changes being documented for low-to-medium intensity burns. For low-to-medium intensity burns, the Bruzek and Curate et al. methods revealed a better agreement between the pre- and post-burning scores. For high intensity burns, better agreement was obtained by using the Bruzek (2002) and Gonçalves et al. (2013) methods. As expected, heat-induced warping, fracture and metric change had a major impact on the pre- and post-observations' agreement. Contrary to what has been systematically assumed over the years, this impact is also quite substantial in bones burnt at low-to-medium burn intensities so caution is advised during the analysis of this kind of burnt skeletal material.
热致人体骨骼变化对性别鉴定的实际影响尚未得到全面记录，这可能会对法医人类学产生负面影响。本文的目的是评估热暴露如何基于形态学和测量特征影响性别鉴定。该研究聚焦于低至中等强度烧伤和高强度烧伤。在来自21世纪已识别骨骼收藏的51具实验性烧伤骨骼中分析了选定的性别二态特征。骨骼被烧至450℃至1050℃的最高温度，这在75至257分钟后达到。本研究中测试的形态学方法包括Buikstra和Ubelaker（1994年）以及Bruzek（2002年）对髋骨特征的建议。另一方面，这里测试的测量参考是来自Wasterlain（2000年）、Curate等人（2016年）以及Gonçalves等人（2013年）的，重点是肱骨、股骨、跟骨和距骨。使用Gwet's AC1检验来测试一致性，并通过计算完全一致的相对数量进一步评估。结果表明，热致变化不仅影响高温下烧伤的形态学特征评分，也影响较低强度下烧伤的特征评分。另一方面，测量特征仅在高强度烧伤中受到显著影响，低至中等强度烧伤未记录到重大变化。对于低至中等强度烧伤，Bruzek和Curate等人的方法显示烧伤前后评分之间的一致性更好。对于高强度烧伤，使用Bruzek（2002年）和Gonçalves等人（2013年）的方法获得了更好的一致性。正如预期的那样，热致翘曲、骨折和测量变化对观察前后的一致性有重大影响。与多年来系统假设的情况相反，这种影响在低至中等烧伤强度的骨骼中也相当显著，因此在分析这种烧伤骨骼材料时建议谨慎。
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