Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology and Exploiting, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia.
Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Puławy, Poland.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2021 Apr 6;269:113739. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113739. Epub 2021 Jan 12.
The Cleomaceae family is known for its richness in secondary metabolites and different Cleome species are used in folk medicine. Cleome amblyocarpa and Cleome arabica are medicinal herbs used in Tunisia and other North Africa countries to treat various diseases such as diabetes, rheumatism, colic, pain and digestive disorders.
To our knowledge, few data are available about the nutritional value, phytochemical components and biological effects of C. arabica and C. amblyocarpa cultivated in Tunisia. For this reason, the present survey aimed to determine the nutritional value, bioactive compounds and pharmacological properties of the leaves of these two species of Cleome.
To characterize and determine the bioactive compounds in both extracts of leaves of Cleome species, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) was used. The various nutritional parameters were analyzed, in particular the amounts of protein, carbohydrates, ash, fiber, and total lipids. Vitamin E and fatty acid profiles were also evaluated by HPLC-DAD-FLD and GC-FID, respectively. The acute toxic effects of leaf extracts in mice at concentrations of 100, 500 and 800 mg/kg body weight have been investigated. The anti-inflammatory effect of leaves extracts was examined by means of the in vitro and in vivo models. The in vivo anti-inflammatory test was assessed by means of the carrageenan induced paw edema in rats. For the in vitro anti-inflammatory assay, the red blood cells membrane stabilization and protein denaturation methods were employed. The analgesic effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of leaves was also assessed by acetic acid induced writhing model in mice.
The phytochemical composition and the nutritional values of the leaves of C. amblyocarpa and C. arabica were determined. Our results revealed that the leaves of C. amblyocarpa are rich in flavonoids and glucosinolates. On the other hand, these latter metabolites are not present in the C. arabica extract and the leaves are characterized by the presence of flavones, methoxyflavones and their glycosides. Our findings revealed that the leaves of the two species contain a potential quantity of vitamins; proteins, carbohydrates and dietary fiber, and their hydroalcoholic extracts indicated substantial anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities in all the tests. Additionally, the data from the acute toxicity test proved that the leaf extracts did not cause any mortality or signs of toxicity in animals at doses up to 800 mg/kg CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained in this investigation demonstrated that the leaves of C. arabica and C. amblyocarpa are a valuable source of nutrients and active substances. Our observations support the traditional utilize of these two Cleome species for the treatment of painful diseases and as a source of natural anti-inflammatory agents.
山柑科以其丰富的次生代谢产物而闻名，不同的山柑属植物被用于民间医学。在突尼斯和其他北非国家，Cleome amblyocarpa 和 Cleome arabica 被用作草药，用于治疗糖尿病、风湿病、绞痛、疼痛和消化紊乱等各种疾病。
据我们所知，关于在突尼斯种植的 C. arabica 和 C. amblyocarpa 的营养价值、植物化学成分和生物学效应的数据很少。因此，本研究旨在确定这两种 Cleome 叶的营养价值、生物活性化合物和药理学特性。
为了表征和确定两种 Cleome 属植物叶提取物中的生物活性化合物，使用了超高效液相色谱-质谱联用 (UPLC-MS)。分析了各种营养参数，特别是蛋白质、碳水化合物、灰分、纤维和总脂质的含量。通过高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测 (HPLC-DAD-FLD) 和气相色谱-火焰离子化检测 (GC-FID) 分别评估了维生素 E 和脂肪酸图谱。研究了叶片提取物在 100、500 和 800mg/kg 体重浓度下对小鼠的急性毒性作用。通过体外和体内模型研究了叶片提取物的抗炎作用。通过角叉菜胶诱导的大鼠爪肿胀来评估体内抗炎试验。对于体外抗炎测定，使用红细胞膜稳定和蛋白质变性方法。通过乙酸诱导的小鼠扭体模型评估了叶水醇提取物的镇痛作用。
确定了 C. amblyocarpa 和 C. arabica 叶的植物化学成分和营养价值。我们的结果表明，C. amblyocarpa 叶富含类黄酮和硫代葡萄糖苷。另一方面，这些代谢物在 C. arabica 提取物中不存在，而叶子的特征是存在类黄酮、甲氧基黄酮及其糖苷。我们的研究结果表明，两种物种的叶子都含有潜在数量的维生素；蛋白质、碳水化合物和膳食纤维，它们的水醇提取物在所有测试中均表现出显著的抗炎和镇痛活性。此外，急性毒性试验的数据表明，在高达 800mg/kg 的剂量下，叶提取物在动物中没有引起任何死亡或毒性迹象。
本研究结果表明，C. arabica 和 C. amblyocarpa 的叶子是营养物质和活性物质的宝贵来源。我们的观察结果支持传统上使用这两种 Cleome 物种来治疗疼痛性疾病，并作为天然抗炎剂的来源。
