Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
St. Bernardine's Medical Center, San Bernardino, CA, USA.
Echocardiography. 2020 Dec;37(12):2199-2210. doi: 10.1111/echo.14961.
AV canal defects (AVCD) are caused by maldevelopment of the endocardial cushions and typically include a primum atrial septal defect (ASD), an inlet ventricular septal defect (VSD), and a common atrioventricular valve. The variations in deformities provide the basis for the many terms used in the anatomical classifications: partial, transitional, intermediate, and complete common AVCD (balanced or unbalanced). The balanced complete common AVCDs are classified as Rastelli A, B, C depending on the anomaly of the anterior bridging leaflet division and attachments. Unbalanced complete AVCDs occur when the common AV valve leads primarily into the RV or LV. Echocardiographic apical, subcostal, and parasternal views are the best views to image AV canal defects. These views can help determine the type of repair required for the various AV canal defects.
房室管缺损（AVCD）是心内膜垫发育不良引起的，通常包括原发房间隔缺损（ASD）、流入道室间隔缺损（VSD）和共同房室瓣。畸形的变化为解剖学分类中使用的许多术语提供了基础：部分性、过渡性、中间性和完全性共同 AVCD（平衡或不平衡）。平衡的完全性共同 AVCD 根据前连合瓣分裂和附着的异常分为 Rastelli A、B、C 型。当共同房室瓣主要流入右心室或左心室时，就会发生不平衡的完全性 AVCD。超声心动图心尖、肋下和胸骨旁切面是显示房室管缺损的最佳切面。这些切面有助于确定各种房室管缺损所需的修复类型。
