Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
Family Health Development Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia.
Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2020 Dec;20 Suppl 2:33-37. doi: 10.1111/ggi.13980.
Falls are a common problem among older people, leading to major morbidity and increased mortality. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of falls among older persons in Malaysia and its associated factors.
Data were obtained from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2018 (NHMS 2018), a cross-sectional study using stratified cluster sampling design. Older persons were defined as aged ≥60 years in this study. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were conducted using SPSS version 25.0.
Overall, 14.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.46, 15.84) of older persons reported having experienced at least one fall during the past 12 months. Univariate analyses revealed an association between the history of falls with not being employed (odds ratio [OR]: 1.35 [95% CI: 1.03, 1.77]), diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.65 [95% CI: 1.33, 2.04]), limitation in activities of daily living (ADL) (OR: 1.90 [95% CI: 1.43, 2.54]) or instrumental ADL (OR: 1.47 [95% CI: 1.16, 1.84]). Multiple logistic regression revealed that falls were positively associated with those who had diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.55 [95% CI: 1.23, 1.94]) and limitation in ADL (OR: 1.56 [95% CI: 1.14, 2.15]); 43.9% of falls occurred outdoors.
One in six older Malaysian people experience at least one fall over a 12-month period. Diabetes mellitus and limitation in ADL were the factors associated with falls among older persons. A comprehensive and targeted program designed to reduce risk of falls is urgently needed. Future research should identify suitable programs for our setting to reduce the potential society burden of falls in older Malaysians. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 33-37.
老年人中跌倒较为常见，会导致严重的发病率和死亡率上升。本研究旨在确定马来西亚老年人跌倒的发生率及其相关因素。
数据来源于 2018 年全国健康和发病率调查（NHMS 2018），这是一项采用分层聚类抽样设计的横断面研究。本研究中，老年人定义为年龄≥60 岁。采用 SPSS 25.0 版进行描述性和逻辑回归分析。
总体而言，14.1%（95%置信区间[CI]：12.46，15.84）的老年人报告在过去 12 个月中至少经历过一次跌倒。单因素分析显示，跌倒史与未就业（优势比[OR]：1.35[95%CI：1.03，1.77]）、糖尿病（OR：1.65[95%CI：1.33，2.04]）、日常生活活动（ADL）受限（OR：1.90[95%CI：1.43，2.54]）或工具性 ADL 受限（OR：1.47[95%CI：1.16，1.84]）有关。多因素逻辑回归显示，糖尿病（OR：1.55[95%CI：1.23，1.94]）和 ADL 受限（OR：1.56[95%CI：1.14，2.15]）与跌倒呈正相关；43.9%的跌倒发生在户外。
每 6 个马来西亚老年人中就有 1 个在 12 个月内至少经历过 1 次跌倒。糖尿病和 ADL 受限是老年人跌倒的相关因素。迫切需要制定全面、有针对性的计划来降低跌倒风险。未来的研究应确定适合我们环境的方案，以减少马来西亚老年人跌倒的潜在社会负担。
