Thermochemical Performance Analysis of the Steam Reforming of Methane in a Fixed Bed Membrane Reformer: A Modelling and Simulation Study.

Pd-based membrane reformers have been substantially studied in the past as a promising reformer to produce high-purity H from thermochemical conversion of methane (CH). A variety of research approaches have been taken in the experimental and theoretical fields. The main objective of this work is a theoretical modelling to describe the process variables of the Steam Reforming of Methane (SRM) method on the Pd-based membrane reformer. These process variables describe the specific aims of each equation of the mathematical model characterizing the performance from reformer. The simulated results of the mole fractions of components (MFCs) at the outlet of the Fixed Bed Reformer (FBR) and Packed-Bed Membrane Reformer (PBMR) have been validated. When the HO/CH ratio decreases in PBMR, the Endothermic Reaction Temperature (ERT) is notably increased (998.32 K) at the outlet of the PBMR's reaction zone. On the other hand, when the HO/CH ratio increases in PBMR, the ERT is remarkably decreased (827.83 K) at the outlet of the PBMR's reaction zone. An increase of the spatial velocity (S) indicates a reduction in the residence time of reactant molecules inside PBMR and, thus, a decrease of the ERT and conversion of CH. In contrast, a reduction of the S shows an increase of the residence time of reactant molecules within PBMR and, therefore, a rise of the ERT and conversion of CH. An increase of the HO/CH ratio raises the conversion rate (CR) of CH due to the reduction of the coke content on the catalyst particles. Conversely, a reduction of the HO/CH ratio decreases the CR of CH owing to the increase of the coke content on the catalyst particles. Contrary to the CR of CH, the consumption-based yield (CBY) of H sharply decreases with the increase of the HO/CH ratio. An increase of the ERT raises the thermochemical energy storage efficiency (η) from 68.96% (ERT = 1023 K), 63.21% (ERT = 973 K), and 48.12% (ERT = 723 K). The chemical energy, sensible heat, and heat loss reached values of 384.96 W, 151.68 W, and 249.73 W at 973 K. The selectivity of H presents higher amounts in the gaseous mixture that varies from 60.98 to 73.18 while CH showed lower values ranging from 1.41 to 2.06. Our work is limited to the SRM method. In terms of future uses of this method, new works can be undertaken using novel materials (open-cell foams) and the physical-mathematical model (two-dimensional and three-dimensional) to evaluate the concentration polarization inside membrane reactors.