Styk Wojciech, Klinkosz Waldemar
Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2020 Dec 22;13:1277-1288. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S271558. eCollection 2020.
Perseverance is an important component of human functioning. The main factors that allow people to achieve their goals are perseverance and the motivation for change. The concept of perseverance is not new, but most studies in this field do not define it precisely. Perseverance is a formal trait of behaviour determined by situational (external) and personality-related (internal) factors - a complexity which can cause problems when one tries to measure it.
In this project, we present the Maze Test, a novel tool for testing perseverance. We discuss the theoretical foundations of the test, including the definition of perseverance, as well as the indicators on which this tool is based. We present the basic methodological properties of the test and report two studies which illustrate how it can be applied in practice: Study 1 - measurement of personality-conditioned perseverance, and Study 2 - measurement of situation-conditioned perseverance.
In Study 1, a significant weak correlation between the indicators of perseverance and the Big Five model personality traits was discovered. Neuroticism correlated negatively with the number of maze tasks solved and the Synthetic Indicator of Perseverance. Positive correlations were found for conscientiousness and agreeableness. In Study 2, mental simulations were observed to have a medium to high effect on the indicators of perseverance.
The tool presented in this study affords a new approach to perseverance. Based on an analysis of how the tasks were being solved by the subjects, we developed perseverance indicators which allow to view perseverance as a multidimensional construct. The tool has been designed for use in both laboratory tests and remote web tests. A major advantage of the tool is that it is available for general use free of charge.
毅力是人类行为的一个重要组成部分。促使人们实现目标的主要因素是毅力和改变的动机。毅力的概念并不新鲜，但该领域的大多数研究并未对其进行精确界定。毅力是一种由情境（外部）和与个性相关（内部）因素所决定的正式行为特征——这种复杂性在人们试图对其进行衡量时可能会引发问题。
在本项目中，我们介绍了迷宫测试，这是一种用于测试毅力的新型工具。我们讨论了该测试的理论基础，包括毅力的定义，以及此工具所基于的指标。我们展示了该测试的基本方法学特性，并报告了两项研究，这些研究说明了它在实践中如何应用：研究1——个性条件下毅力的测量，以及研究2——情境条件下毅力的测量。
在研究1中，发现毅力指标与大五人格模型特质之间存在显著的弱相关性。神经质与解决的迷宫任务数量和毅力综合指标呈负相关。尽责性和宜人性则呈正相关。在研究2中，观察到心理模拟对毅力指标有中等至高的影响。
本研究中提出的工具为毅力研究提供了一种新方法。基于对受试者解决任务方式的分析，我们开发了毅力指标，这些指标使我们能够将毅力视为一个多维结构。该工具设计用于实验室测试和远程网络测试。该工具的一个主要优点是可供一般用户免费使用。
