Laboratorio de Geoquímica y Contaminación Costera, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, P.O. Box 811, C.P, 82000, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
Laboratorio de Geoquímica y Contaminación Costera, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, P.O. Box 811, C.P, 82000, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico; Miembro de El Colegio de Sinaloa, Antonio Rosales 435 Poniente, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Feb 15;271:116357. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116357. Epub 2020 Dec 18.
Aquatic organisms that inhabit coastal environments are generally exposed to multiple mixtures of chemicals. The single and mixture toxicity of nine trace metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) to the rotifer Proales similis were examined at four different salinities (5, 15, 25, and 35 ppt). Chronic toxicity reproductive tests were performed using an application factor (AF) of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 by multiplying the 24-h LC values of each metal. The metal mixture treatments were: T1, As-Cd-Cr-Cu-Fe-Hg-Ni-Pb-Zn; T2, As-Cd-Hg-Pb and; T3, Cr-Cu-Fe-Ni-Zn. The LC values ranged between 5 and 4140 μg L in the following order: Hg > Cu > Fe > Pb > Cd > Zn > As > Cr > Ni in low salinity and Hg > Cu > Fe > Pb > Zn > As > Cd > Cr > Ni in high salinity conditions. In all cases, acute toxicity was higher at a salinity of 5 ppt compared to 35 ppt. Chronic toxicity tests indicated that single metal toxicity intensified as the AF increased and as salinity decreased. Regardless of salinity, Pb at 0.4 AF was the most toxic metal. Proales similis evidenced a higher growth in the As treatments (0.1 and 0.2 AF) at 35 ppt compared to controls. Furthemore, the T1 and T2 treatments were the most toxic, and in most cases, they induced a synergistic effect. Antagonism effects were detected in the T3 treatment at 25 and 35 ppt. The present data highlights the importance of the examination of pollution in natural environmental conditions in which many aquatic invertebrates endure.
栖息在沿海环境中的水生生物通常会接触到多种化学物质的混合物。本研究在四个不同盐度（5、15、25 和 35 ppt）下，用应用因子（AF）为 0.05、0.1、0.2 和 0.4 分别乘以每种金属的 24-hLC 值，研究了九种痕量金属（As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Fe、Hg、Ni、Pb 和 Zn）对晶囊轮虫（Proales similis）的单一和混合物毒性。金属混合物处理为：T1、As-Cd-Cr-Cu-Fe-Hg-Ni-Pb-Zn；T2、As-Cd-Hg-Pb；T3、Cr-Cu-Fe-Ni-Zn。LC 值范围在 5 和 4140μg/L 之间，顺序如下：低盐度下 Hg>Cu>Fe>Pb>Cd>Zn>As>Cr>Ni，高盐度下 Hg>Cu>Fe>Pb>Zn>As>Cd>Cr>Ni。在所有情况下，5 ppt 盐度下的急性毒性均高于 35 ppt。慢性毒性试验表明，单一金属毒性随着 AF 的增加和盐度的降低而加剧。无论盐度如何，AF 为 0.4 时 Pb 是毒性最大的金属。晶囊轮虫在 35 ppt 时，As 处理（0.1 和 0.2 AF）比对照的生长更好。此外，T1 和 T2 处理毒性最大，且在大多数情况下，它们会产生协同作用。在 25 和 35 ppt 时，T3 处理会产生拮抗作用。本研究数据强调了在许多水生无脊椎动物忍受的自然环境条件下，检查污染的重要性。
