Pourshahidi L Kirsty, Navarini Luciano, Petracco Marino, Strain J J
Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Univ. of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK.
illycaffè s.p.a, Trieste, Italy.
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2016 Jul;15(4):671-684. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12206. Epub 2016 Apr 13.
Findings on both the health benefits and the potentially harmful effects of coffee consumption have been contradictory. However, the general scientific consensus is that moderate, regular coffee drinking by healthy individuals is either essentially benign or mildly beneficial. Results and generalizations are complicated by a number of factors, including differences in age, gender, health status, type of coffee preparation, serving size, and source of coffee. Coffee may have potential health benefits and risks, but causality cannot be established for either with the research currently available as these are largely based on observational data. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the risks and benefits of coffee consumption on health outcomes. A systematic search (search terms: "coffee" OR "coffee adj3" [consum* or intake* or drink*]) of the literature (from 1970; humans; in English) using the electronic databases "OVID," "CINAHL," and "Web of Knowledge" returned 12405 results. Duplicates were removed, studies were screened (based on inclusion/exclusion criteria), and the remaining eligible studies (n = 1277) were used to collate an exhaustive list of the potential health benefits and risks of coffee consumption, which were grouped and are discussed with regard to major diseases/conditions (mortality, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and metabolic/liver/neurological disorders), at-risk/vulnerable groups, and specific coffee constituents. This qualitative assessment has shown that the health benefits (or null effects) clearly outweigh the risks of moderate coffee consumption in adult consumers for the majority of health outcomes considered. Results from this research may aid further qualitative and quantitative deterministic risk-benefit assessments of coffee consumption.
关于咖啡消费对健康的益处和潜在有害影响的研究结果一直相互矛盾。然而，科学界的普遍共识是，健康个体适度、经常饮用咖啡基本无害或略有益处。年龄、性别、健康状况、咖啡冲泡方式、饮用量和咖啡来源等多种因素使研究结果和归纳变得复杂。咖啡可能对健康有益也有风险，但由于目前的研究大多基于观察数据，所以无法确定因果关系。本综述旨在全面概述咖啡消费对健康结果的风险和益处。使用电子数据库“OVID”“CINAHL”和“Web of Knowledge”对文献（自1970年起；人类；英文）进行系统检索（检索词：“coffee”或“coffee adj3”[consum或intake或drink*]），共返回12405条结果。去除重复项，筛选研究（基于纳入/排除标准），并使用其余符合条件的研究（n = 1277）整理出咖啡消费潜在健康益处和风险的详尽清单，这些清单按主要疾病/状况（死亡率、心血管疾病、癌症和代谢/肝脏/神经疾病）、高危/弱势群体以及特定咖啡成分进行分组并讨论。这项定性评估表明，对于大多数所考虑的健康结果而言，在成年消费者中适度饮用咖啡的健康益处（或无影响）显然超过风险。本研究结果可能有助于进一步对咖啡消费进行定性和定量的确定性风险效益评估。
