From the Departments of Pediatric Oncology (A.A., T. Kumamoto, M.N., C.O.), Laboratory Medicine (T. Kubo, K. Sunami, H.K.), Diagnostic Pathology (N.M., H.Y.), Breast and Medical Oncology (K. Yonemori, E.N.), Pediatric Surgical Oncology (T.H., N.K.), and Experimental Therapeutics (N. Yamamoto), National Cancer Center Hospital, the Departments of Clinical Genomics (H.I., T. Kubo) and Immune Medicine (K.A.), and the Divisions of Genome Biology (K. Shiraishi, T. Kohno), Cancer Genomics (Y.A., T.S.), and Cancer Immunology (Y.T., H.N.), National Cancer Center Research Institute, the Division of Translational Genomics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center (H.I., T. Kubo, T. Kohno), the Children's Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development (T.H.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (T. Kuroda, K. Yamada, N. Yanaihara, K. Takahashi, A.O.) and Pathology (T. Kiyokawa), Jikei University School of Medicine, the Departments of Pediatrics (S.H., D.H., A.M.) and Integrated Women's Health (K.O.), St. Luke's International Hospital, and the Department of Pediatrics, Toho University School of Medicine (M.M.), Tokyo, and the Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo (S.H., A.M.) - both in Japan.
N Engl J Med. 2021 Jan 7;384(1):42-50. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2030391.
Two cases of pediatric lung cancer (in 23-month-old and 6-year-old boys) resulting from mother-to-infant transmission of uterine cervical tumors were incidentally detected during routine next-generation sequencing of paired samples of tumor and normal tissue. Spontaneous regression of some lesions in the first child and slow growth of the tumor mass in the second child suggested the existence of alloimmune responses against the transmitted tumors. Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy with nivolumab led to a strong regression of all remaining tumors in the first child. (Funded by the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development and others; TOP-GEAR UMIN Clinical Trials Registry number, UMIN000011141.).
两例儿童肺癌（23 月龄男童和 6 岁男童）系因母-婴传播的宫颈肿瘤，在对肿瘤和正常组织配对样本进行常规下一代测序时偶然发现。第一例患儿的部分病灶自发消退，第二例患儿肿瘤负荷缓慢增长，提示存在针对传播肿瘤的同种免疫反应。免疫检查点抑制剂治疗（nivolumab）使第一例患儿的所有剩余肿瘤强烈消退。（由日本医疗研究与发展署等资助；TOP-GEAR UMIN 临床试验注册编号：UMIN000011141。）
