Robinson J C
Department of Social and Administrative Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 94720.
Am J Public Health. 1988 Mar;78(3):276-81. doi: 10.2105/ajph.78.3.276.
Establishment survey data for the United States as a whole and workers' compensation data for the State of California were used to document long-term trends in occupational injury and acute illness rates. After declining throughout the first half of the century, national rates of disabling injuries in manufacturing, construction, and the trade sector have risen sharply in recent decades. Injury rates in mining show no strong trend either up or down since 1960. Increases over recent years have been especially pronounced for strains and sprains, cuts, lacerations and punctures, bone fractures, and acute illnesses. Injury rates in the manufacturing sector are strongly influenced by general economic conditions--rising sharply with business upsurges and declining during recessions. Increases in the rate of unemployment, which decrease worker and labor union bargaining power, are associated with increases in injury rates within manufacturing.
美国整体的机构调查数据以及加利福尼亚州的工伤赔偿数据被用于记录职业伤害和急性疾病发生率的长期趋势。在整个世纪的上半叶呈下降趋势之后，制造业、建筑业和贸易部门的全国致残伤害率在最近几十年急剧上升。自1960年以来，采矿业的伤害率没有明显的上升或下降趋势。近年来，拉伤、扭伤、割伤、撕裂伤和刺伤、骨折以及急性疾病的发生率尤其显著增加。制造业的伤害率受到总体经济状况的强烈影响——随着商业热潮急剧上升，在衰退期间下降。失业率的上升会降低工人和工会的议价能力，这与制造业内伤害率的增加有关。
