Chair of Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Chair of Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Chair of Engineering Psychology and Applied Cognitive Research, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Neurobiol Aging. 2021 Mar;99:86-98. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.11.018. Epub 2020 Dec 11.
Aging attenuates frontostriatal network functioning, which could lead to deficits in value computation when decision-making involves uncertainty. Although it has been shown that visually enhancing information saliency of outcome probability can improve decision-making in old age, mechanisms of this effect are still unclear. In the present study, the saliency of outcome probability was increased using a color-coding scheme as a decision aid in a mixed lottery choice task, and spontaneous eye-blink rate and pupillary responses were assessed in younger and older adults. Older adults showed lower value sensitivity than younger adults; however, increasing information saliency benefitted choice behaviors in both age groups. Furthermore, the decision aid reduced pupil size during decision-making in both age groups, suggesting that enhancing information saliency decreases cognitive demands of value computation. Baseline value sensitivity was negatively correlated with benefit of enhancing information saliency only in older adults. As value representations in older decision makers are less distinctive at baseline, they may have required more environmental compensation than younger adults.
衰老会减弱额顶叶网络功能，这可能导致在涉及不确定性的决策中价值计算出现缺陷。尽管已经表明，通过视觉增强结果概率的信息凸显度可以改善老年人的决策能力，但这种效果的机制仍不清楚。在本研究中，使用颜色编码方案作为混合彩票选择任务中的决策辅助工具来增加结果概率的凸显度，并评估了年轻和老年成年人的自发眨眼率和瞳孔反应。与年轻人相比，老年人的价值敏感性较低；然而，增加信息凸显度对两个年龄组的选择行为都有好处。此外，决策辅助工具在两个年龄组的决策过程中减小了瞳孔大小，这表明增强信息凸显度降低了价值计算的认知需求。仅在老年人中，基线价值敏感性与增强信息凸显度的益处呈负相关。由于老年决策者的价值表现基线时不那么明显，他们可能比年轻人更需要环境补偿。
