Sciaccaluga Carlotta, Soliman-Aboumarie Hatem, Sisti Nicolò, Mandoli Giulia Elena, Cameli Paolo, Bigio Elisa, Valente Serafina, Mondillo Sergio, Cameli Matteo
Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Section of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Harefield Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Heart Fail Rev. 2022 May;27(3):891-902. doi: 10.1007/s10741-021-10073-1. Epub 2021 Jan 11.
Echocardiography is an indispensable tool in the evaluation, placement, management and follow-up of patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVAD). While transoesophageal echocardiography is the ideal tool in guiding the implantation procedure, transthoracic echocardiography is essential during the initial evaluation, patient selection and in the post-operative follow-up. This review attempts to summarize which parameters the echocardiographic assessment should focused on during each step. In particular, during the pre-operative assessment, it is of paramount importance to assess the presence of aortic regurgitation and most importantly to evaluate right ventricular function, since it is one of the strongest predictor of post-implant right ventricular failure. During the procedure, through transoesophageal echocardiography, it is possible to confirm the correct placement of the inflow cannula, to assess right ventricular function and to guide the choice of the right pump speed. Transthoracic echocardiographic is an essential part in the patient's follow-up once the LVAD has been implanted, in order to attest the onset of possible complications.
超声心动图是评估、植入、管理和随访左心室辅助装置（LVAD）患者不可或缺的工具。虽然经食管超声心动图是指导植入手术的理想工具，但经胸超声心动图在初始评估、患者选择和术后随访中至关重要。本综述试图总结在每个步骤中超声心动图评估应关注哪些参数。特别是在术前评估中，评估主动脉瓣反流的存在至关重要，最重要的是评估右心室功能，因为它是植入后右心室衰竭最强的预测指标之一。在手术过程中，通过经食管超声心动图，可以确认流入插管的正确放置，评估右心室功能，并指导选择合适的泵速。一旦植入LVAD，经胸超声心动图是患者随访的重要组成部分，以便证实可能并发症的发生。
