Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; SAMRC/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
J Adolesc Health. 2021 Jul;69(1):64-73. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.09.043. Epub 2021 Jan 9.
In high-income countries, early and rapid pubertal development is consistently associated with poor adjustment and increased risk behavior in adolescence. This study contributes to the meager knowledge of these associations in lower income countries.
We used longitudinal data from 1,784 urban black South Africans in the Birth to Twenty Plus cohort. We used regression analyses to assess associations between age at menarche and latent classes of pubertal timing and tempo and adolescent internalizing and externalizing emotional and behavioral problems, eating attitudes, and patterns of health risk behavior initiation.
Relatively earlier and faster pubertal timing and tempo were associated with increased health risk behavior initiation (e.g., adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] high- vs. low-risk pattern = 5.7 [1.7, 19.06] for male genital development; adjusted odds ratio = 3.45 [1.13, 10.49] for female breast development). Among males, earlier and faster pubertal timing and tempo were associated with increased externalizing problems in early adolescence and increased oppositional defiant problems in midadolescence, whereas later and slower pubertal timing and tempo were associated with decreases. Among females, earlier and faster pubertal timing and tempo were associated with increased internalizing and externalizing problems in midadolescence and increased dieting behaviors in early and late adolescence (β [95% confidence interval] = 2.51 [.87, 4.15] for pubic hair development), whereas later and slower pubertal timing and tempo were associated with decreases.
In this urban South African cohort, relatively earlier and faster pubertal development was detrimental to mental health and risk behavior activity, whereas later and slower maturation was somewhat protective.
在高收入国家，青春期提前和快速发育与青少年时期适应不良和风险行为增加密切相关。本研究丰富了低等收入国家对这些关联的认识。
我们使用 Birth to Twenty Plus 队列中 1784 名城市黑人南非人的纵向数据。我们使用回归分析评估了初潮年龄与青春期启动的时相和时频的潜在类别，以及青少年内化和外化情绪和行为问题、饮食态度和健康风险行为开始模式之间的关联。
相对较早和较快的青春期启动时相和时频与更多的健康风险行为开始有关（例如，男性生殖器发育的高风险与低风险模式的调整比值比[95%置信区间]为 5.7 [1.7, 19.06]；女性乳房发育的调整比值比为 3.45 [1.13, 10.49]）。在男性中，较早和较快的青春期启动时相和时频与青春期早期的外化问题增加以及青春期中期的对立违抗性问题增加有关，而较晚和较慢的青春期启动时相和时频则与这些问题的减少有关。在女性中，较早和较快的青春期启动时相和时频与青春期中期的内化和外化问题增加以及青春期早期和晚期的节食行为增加有关（阴毛发育的β[95%置信区间]为 2.51 [.87, 4.15]），而较晚和较慢的青春期启动时相和时频则与这些问题的减少有关。
在这个城市的南非队列中，相对较早和较快的青春期发育对心理健康和风险行为活动有害，而较晚和较慢的成熟则有一定的保护作用。
