Centre for Intelligent Signal & Imaging, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia.
Centre for Intelligent Signal & Imaging, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia; Dept of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia.
Addict Behav. 2021 May;116:106816. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106816. Epub 2021 Jan 7.
Over the years, various models have been proposed to explain the psychology and biology of drug addiction, built primarily around the habit and compulsion models. Recent research indicates drug addiction may be goal-directed, motivated by excessive valuation of drugs. Drug consumption may initially occur for the sake of pleasure but may transition to a means of escaping withdrawal, stress and negative emotions. In this hypothetical paper, we propose a value-based neurobiological model for drug addiction. We posit that during dependency, the value-based decision-making system in the brain is not inactive but has instead prioritized drugs as the reward of choice. In support of this model, we consider the role of valuation in choice, its influence on pleasure and punishment, and how valuation is contrasted in impulsive and compulsive behaviours. We then discuss the neurobiology of value, beginning with the dopaminergic system and its relationship with incentive salience before moving to brain-wide networks involved in valuation, control and prospection. These value-based neurobiological components are then integrated into the cycle of addiction as we consider the development of drug dependency from a valuation perspective. We conclude with a discussion of cognitive interventions utilizing value-based decision-making, highlighting not just advances in recalibrating the valuation system to focus on non-drug rewards, but also areas for improvement in refining this approach.
多年来，已经提出了各种模型来解释成瘾的心理学和生物学，这些模型主要围绕习惯和强迫模型构建。最近的研究表明，成瘾可能是有目的的，是由对药物的过度重视所驱动的。药物消费最初可能是为了获得快乐，但可能会转变为逃避戒断、压力和负面情绪的手段。在这篇假设性论文中，我们提出了一个基于价值的成瘾神经生物学模型。我们假设，在依赖期间，大脑中的基于价值的决策系统不是不活跃的，而是将药物作为选择的奖励进行了优先排序。为了支持这个模型，我们考虑了估值在选择中的作用、它对快乐和惩罚的影响，以及在冲动和强迫行为中如何对比估值。然后，我们讨论了价值的神经生物学，从多巴胺能系统及其与激励显著性的关系开始，然后转移到参与估值、控制和预测的全脑网络。这些基于价值的神经生物学成分随后被整合到成瘾周期中，我们从估值的角度考虑药物依赖的发展。最后，我们讨论了利用基于价值的决策进行的认知干预，不仅强调了重新校准估值系统以关注非药物奖励的进展，还强调了改进这种方法的领域。
