Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
Hochschule Fresenius, University of Applied Sciences, Munich, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2021 Jan 20;11(1):1853. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-80039-0.
Social rejection and exclusion (ostracism) represent main stressors in daily life and even threaten mental and physical health. Abundant data from subjective measures in social exclusion paradigms are available, but the dynamic behavioral response is largely unexplored. Here, we applied modified variants of the Cyberball paradigm in two consecutive experiments to investigate the adaptive behavioral and emotional reactions to partial social exclusion. In experiment 1, 68 healthy participants (females, mean age 24.76 ± 4.05 years) played 2 min inclusion, 5 min partial exclusion and 2 min total exclusion. In experiment 2, 94 healthy participants (48 females, mean age 34.50 ± 12.08 years) underwent an experimental condition (2 min inclusion, 10 min partial exclusion) and a control condition (12 min inclusion only) in randomized order. In experiment 1, behavioral responses to partial exclusion showed two characteristics: (1) an immediate increase in ball passes to the excluding player followed (2) by a later return of participants' behavior to baseline. This finding was replicated for both genders and in comparison to a control condition in experiment 2. The dynamic behavioral response observed here may point to overlapping principles of cooperation in this ball tossing paradigm and serves as a novel experimental proxy.
社会排斥和排斥（排斥）代表日常生活中的主要压力源，甚至威胁到身心健康。在社会排斥范式的主观测量中，有大量的数据，但动态行为反应在很大程度上还没有得到探索。在这里，我们在两个连续的实验中应用了修改后的 Cyberball 范式变体，以研究对部分社会排斥的适应性行为和情绪反应。在实验 1 中，68 名健康参与者（女性，平均年龄 24.76±4.05 岁）进行了 2 分钟的包容，5 分钟的部分排斥和 2 分钟的完全排斥。在实验 2 中，94 名健康参与者（48 名女性，平均年龄 34.50±12.08 岁）以随机顺序经历了实验条件（2 分钟包容，10 分钟部分排斥）和对照条件（仅 12 分钟包容）。在实验 1 中，对部分排斥的行为反应表现出两个特征：（1）对排斥球员的球立即增加，随后（2）参与者的行为恢复到基线。在实验 2 中，对于两种性别以及与对照条件相比，都复制了这一发现。这里观察到的动态行为反应可能指向在这个投掷球范式中合作的重叠原则，并作为一个新的实验代理。
