Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31024 Toulouse, France.
Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM-U1043, CNRS-UMR5282, F-31024 Toulouse, France.
J Immunol. 2021 Mar 1;206(5):1027-1038. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000187. Epub 2021 Jan 22.
Alterations in the γδ T cell compartment have been reported in immunocompromised individuals infected with hepatitis E virus (HEV)-g3. We now report the analysis of blood γδ T cells from acutely HEV-infected individuals in the absence of immunosuppression. In these patients, non-Vδ2 (ND2) γδ T cells outnumbered otherwise predominant Vδ2 cells selectively in human CMV (HCMV)-seropositive patients and were higher than in HCMV controls, mimicking HCMV reactivation, whereas their serum was PCR-negative for HCMV. Stimulation of their lymphocytes with HEV-infected hepatocarcinoma cells led to an HEV-specific response in γδ subsets of HCMV individuals. HEV infection was associated with a lowered expression of TIGIT, LAG-3, and CD160 immune checkpoint markers on ND2 effector memory cells in HCMV but not in HCMV HEV patients. γδ cell lines, predominantly ND2, were generated from patients after coculture with hepatocarcinoma cells permissive to HEV and IL-2/12/18. Upon restimulation with HEV-infected or uninfected cells and selected cytokines, these cell lines produced IFN-γ and IL-10, the latter being induced by IL-12 in IFN-γ-producing cells and upregulated by HEV and IL-18. They were also capable of suppressing the proliferation of CD3/CD28-activated CD4 cells in transwell experiments. Importantly, IL-10 was detected in the plasma of 10 of 10 HCMV HEV patients but rarely in controls or HCMV HEV patients, implying that γδ cells are probably involved in IL-10 production at the acute phase of infection. Our data indicate that HEV mobilizes a pool of ND2 memory cells in HCMV carriers, promoting the development of an immunoregulatory environment.
已报道免疫功能低下的戊型肝炎病毒 (HEV)-g3 感染者体内 γδ T 细胞群发生改变。我们现在报告在没有免疫抑制的情况下急性 HEV 感染个体血液γδ T 细胞的分析。在这些患者中,非 Vδ2(ND2)γδ T 细胞选择性地多于其他主要的 Vδ2 细胞,这在人类巨细胞病毒(HCMV)阳性患者中更为明显,类似于 HCMV 再激活,而他们的血清 PCR 检测为 HCMV 阴性。用 HEV 感染的肝癌细胞刺激他们的淋巴细胞,导致 HCMV 个体的 γδ 亚群产生针对 HEV 的反应。HEV 感染与 HCMV 个体 ND2 效应记忆细胞上的 TIGIT、LAG-3 和 CD160 免疫检查点标志物的表达降低有关,但在 HCMV 个体中则没有。在与允许 HEV 和 IL-2/12/18 感染的肝癌细胞共培养后,从患者中生成了主要为 ND2 的 γδ 细胞系。用感染或未感染 HEV 的细胞和选定的细胞因子再刺激这些细胞系后,它们会产生 IFN-γ 和 IL-10,后者在产生 IFN-γ 的细胞中由 IL-12 诱导,并由 HEV 和 IL-18 上调。它们还能够在 Transwell 实验中抑制 CD3/CD28 激活的 CD4 细胞的增殖。重要的是,在 10 名 HCMV HEV 患者中有 10 名患者的血浆中检测到了 IL-10,而在对照组或 HCMV HEV 患者中很少检测到,这意味着 γδ 细胞可能参与感染急性期的 IL-10 产生。我们的数据表明,HEV 在 HCMV 携带者中动员了一个 ND2 记忆细胞库,促进了免疫调节环境的发展。
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