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一块来自冈瓦纳大陆北部的泥盆纪中期大型真宽胸类“盾皮鱼”(节颈鱼目)颌骨。

A large Middle Devonian eubrachythoracid 'placoderm' (Arthrodira) jaw from northern Gondwana.

作者信息

Jobbins Melina, Rücklin Martin, Argyriou Thodoris, Klug Christian

机构信息

Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland.

Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.

出版信息

Swiss J Palaeontol. 2021;140(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s13358-020-00212-w. Epub 2021 Jan 14.


DOI:10.1186/s13358-020-00212-w
PMID:33488510
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7809001/
Abstract

For the understanding of the evolution of jawed vertebrates and jaws and teeth, 'placoderms' are crucial as they exhibit an impressive morphological disparity associated with the early stages of this process. The Devonian of Morocco is famous for its rich occurrences of arthrodire 'placoderms'. While Late Devonian strata are rich in arthrodire remains, they are less common in older strata. Here, we describe a large tooth-bearing jaw element of gen. et sp. nov., an eubrachythoracid arthrodire from the Middle Devonian of Morocco. This species is based on a large posterior superognathal with a strong dentition. The jawbone displays features considered synapomorphies of Late Devonian eubrachythoracid arthrodires, with one posterior and one lateral row of conical teeth oriented postero-lingually. μCT-images reveal internal structures including pulp cavities and dentinous tissues. The posterior orientation of the teeth and the traces of a putative occlusal contact on the lingual side of the bone imply that these teeth were hardly used for feeding. Similar to and , functional teeth were possibly present during an earlier developmental stage and have been worn entirely. The morphological features of the jaw element suggest a close relationship with plourdosteids. Its size implies that the animal was rather large.

摘要

对于理解有颌脊椎动物以及颌骨和牙齿的演化而言,“盾皮鱼”至关重要,因为它们展现出了与这一过程早期阶段相关的惊人形态差异。摩洛哥的泥盆纪以其丰富的节甲目“盾皮鱼”化石而闻名。虽然晚泥盆世地层富含节甲目化石,但在更古老的地层中则较为少见。在此,我们描述了一种来自摩洛哥中泥盆世的真短胸节甲目节甲类新属新种的大型带齿颌骨元件。该物种基于一块带有强壮齿列的大型后上颚骨。颌骨呈现出被认为是晚泥盆世真短胸节甲目节甲类共衍征的特征,有一排后向和一排侧向的圆锥形牙齿,舌后向排列。μCT图像揭示了包括牙髓腔和牙质组织在内的内部结构。牙齿的后向排列以及骨舌侧假定咬合接触的痕迹表明这些牙齿几乎不用于进食。与[其他物种]类似,功能性牙齿可能在更早的发育阶段存在,并且已完全磨损。颌骨元件的形态特征表明它与褶鳞鱼科关系密切。其大小意味着该动物相当大。

相似文献

[1]
A large Middle Devonian eubrachythoracid 'placoderm' (Arthrodira) jaw from northern Gondwana.

Swiss J Palaeontol. 2021

[2]
A well-preserved 'placoderm' (stem-group Gnathostomata) upper jaw from the Early Devonian of Mongolia clarifies jaw evolution.

R Soc Open Sci. 2023-2-22

[3]
Development of teeth and jaws in the earliest jawed vertebrates.

Nature. 2012-10-17

[4]
Extreme lower jaw elongation in a placoderm reflects high disparity and modularity in early vertebrate evolution.

R Soc Open Sci. 2024-1-31

[5]
Origin and evolution of gnathostome dentitions: a question of teeth and pharyngeal denticles in placoderms.

Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2005-5

[6]
An examination of the Devonian fishes of Michigan.

PeerJ. 2018-9-20

[7]
Giant, swimming mouths: oral dimensions of extant sharks do not accurately predict body size in (Placodermi: Arthrodira).

PeerJ. 2023

[8]
New findings in a 400 million-year-old Devonian placoderm shed light on jaw structure and function in basal gnathostomes.

Sci Rep. 2017-8-10

[9]
Was the Devonian placoderm a suspension feeder?

R Soc Open Sci. 2020-5-20

[10]
New morphological information on, and species of placoderm fish Africanaspis (Arthrodira, Placodermi) from the Late Devonian of South Africa.

PLoS One. 2017-4-5

引用本文的文献

[1]
Reconstruction of feeding behaviour and diet in Devonian ctenacanth chondrichthyans using dental microwear texture and finite element analyses.

R Soc Open Sci. 2025-1-29

[2]
Diverse stem-chondrichthyan oral structures and evidence for an independently acquired acanthodid dentition.

R Soc Open Sci. 2021-11-10

本文引用的文献

[1]
A symmoriiform from the Late Devonian of Morocco demonstrates a derived jaw function in ancient chondrichthyans.

Commun Biol. 2020-11-17

[2]
Endochondral bone in an Early Devonian 'placoderm' from Mongolia.

Nat Ecol Evol. 2020-9-7

[3]
Marginal dentition and multiple dermal jawbones as the ancestral condition of jawed vertebrates.

Science. 2020-7-10

[4]
Was the Devonian placoderm a suspension feeder?

R Soc Open Sci. 2020-5-20

[5]
Open data and digital morphology.

Proc Biol Sci. 2017-4-12

[6]
Bayesian Morphological Clock Methods Resurrect Placoderm Monophyly and Reveal Rapid Early Evolution in Jawed Vertebrates.

Syst Biol. 2017-7-1

[7]
A Silurian maxillate placoderm illuminates jaw evolution.

Science. 2016-10-21

[8]
Body-size reduction in vertebrates following the end-Devonian mass extinction.

Science. 2015-11-13

[9]
DEVELOPMENTAL PALEOBIOLOGY OF THE VERTEBRATE SKELETON.

J Paleontol. 2014-7-1

[10]
The origin and early phylogenetic history of jawed vertebrates.

Nature. 2015-4-23

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