Academic Unit of Physical Education, Body Languages Didactics Department, Teacher Training Faculty, University of Valencia, Av. dels Tarongers, 4, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 22;18(3):979. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18030979.
School-based interventions have reported effectiveness on back health; however, there are no specific guidelines for teaching body mechanics and posture in primary and secondary schools. To identify, describe, and analyze the educative features of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on back health developed to date in the school setting, a systematic review was performed following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. RCTs exclusively focused on educational setting electronic databases included PubMed, EMBASE, PEDro, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, ERIC, and MEDLINE on the Ovid platform. Databases were searched for potentially eligible studies from the earliest date up to 18th March 2020. A total of 584 records were obtained from the database searches. A total of six articles that applied inclusion criteria were assessed for eligibility. All of these studies found improvements in postural habits and the level of knowledge with regard to back health, as well as a reduction in the prevalence of back pain. None of the studies used the student-centered method, and three studies used evaluation instruments with a pilot validation. Research on RCT interventions concerning back health in the school setting is scarce. None of the interventions applied a constructivist or student-centered method. The use of validated and standardized assessment instruments is required.
学校为基础的干预措施已被证明对背部健康有效；然而，在小学和中学中，没有关于教授人体力学和姿势的具体指导方针。为了确定、描述和分析迄今为止在学校环境中针对背部健康开发的随机对照试验（RCT）的教育特征，我们按照系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）建议进行了系统评价。RCT 专门针对教育环境电子数据库，包括 PubMed、EMBASE、PEDro、Web of Science、SPORTDiscus、ERIC 和 Ovid 平台上的 MEDLINE。从最早的日期到 2020 年 3 月 18 日，在数据库中搜索潜在的合格研究。从数据库搜索中获得了 584 条记录。共有 6 篇文章符合纳入标准，对其进行了评估。所有这些研究都发现了姿势习惯和背部健康知识水平的提高，以及背部疼痛的患病率降低。没有一项研究采用以学生为中心的方法，三项研究使用了经过初步验证的评估工具。关于学校环境中背部健康的 RCT 干预措施的研究很少。没有一项干预措施采用了建构主义或以学生为中心的方法。需要使用经过验证和标准化的评估工具。
