Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
Holy Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland.
Appl Spectrosc. 2021 Jul;75(7):802-817. doi: 10.1177/0003702821993496. Epub 2021 Mar 4.
In this article, the total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) analysis was used for determination of element concentrations in three isolated peripheral blood components: lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and plasma, collected from 36 healthy donors (15 men and 21 women) from eastern Poland. The studied blood components were isolated from whole peripheral blood using Histopaque-1077 density gradient centrifugation. In the lymphocytes, the following elements were measured: P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Br, Sr, and Pb. In the erythrocytes: P, S, Cl, K, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Br, Rb, and Pb, while in the plasma samples: P, S, Cl, K, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Se, Sr, and Pb. The descriptive statistics parameters of concentration such as: mean value, standard deviation, median, first and third quartiles, 10th and 90th percentiles were calculated for all samples of the studied blood components, as well as separately for male and female groups. The measured element concentrations and calculated parameters can be used as the reference values. Element concentration distributions for male and female groups were statistically compared using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test and statistical significance differences (α = 0.05) were found for: P (in lymphocytes), Se and Rb (in erythrocytes), and V (in plasma). The multigroup statistical comparison of element concentration distribution for different blood components was also done (Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests). The statistical tests show that the concentration levels are usually different, except in the following cases: Zn, Fe (lymphocytes and plasma, Fe only for female group), Cr (erythrocytes and plasma). The obtained concentration ranges were compared with literature-based data available for element concentration in lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and plasma. In this work, the application of the TXRF method allowed additionally for the simultaneous determination of the concentrations of such elements as: P, S, Cl, Br, Sr and Pb in lymphocytes, S, Cl and Br in erythrocytes, and P, S, Cl, K, Ti, Br and Pb in plasma. From an analytical point of view, the article describes in detail the measurement procedure including the isolation of blood components and samples preparation for TXRF measurements, and later the detection limit of the method is discussed.
本文采用全反射 X 射线荧光（TXRF）分析方法，测定了来自波兰东部 36 位健康供体（男 15 例，女 21 例）外周血三个分离成分（淋巴细胞、红细胞和血浆）中的元素浓度。使用 Histopaque-1077 密度梯度离心法从外周血中分离出这些血液成分。在淋巴细胞中，测定了 P、S、Cl、K、Ca、Fe、Zn、Br、Sr 和 Pb 的浓度。在红细胞中：P、S、Cl、K、Cr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Se、Br、Rb 和 Pb，而在血浆样品中：P、S、Cl、K、Ti、V、Cr、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Br、Se、Sr 和 Pb。对所有研究血液成分的样本以及男性和女性组分别计算了浓度的描述性统计参数，如平均值、标准差、中位数、第一四分位数、第三四分位数、10 分位数和 90 分位数。使用非参数 Mann-Whitney 检验对男性和女性组的测量元素浓度和计算参数进行了统计学比较，发现 P（在淋巴细胞中）、Se 和 Rb（在红细胞中）以及 V（在血浆中）存在统计学意义上的差异（α=0.05）。还对不同血液成分的元素浓度分布进行了多组统计比较（Mann-Whitney 和 Kruskal-Wallis 检验）。统计检验表明，除以下情况外，浓度水平通常不同：Zn、Fe（淋巴细胞和血浆，仅女性组中的 Fe）、Cr（红细胞和血浆）。将获得的浓度范围与文献中淋巴细胞、红细胞和血浆中元素浓度的相关数据进行了比较。在这项工作中，TXRF 方法的应用还允许同时测定淋巴细胞、红细胞和血浆中 P、S、Cl、Br、Sr 和 Pb 等元素的浓度，以及 S、Cl 和 Br 在红细胞中的浓度，以及 P、S、Cl、K、Ti、Br 和 Pb 在血浆中的浓度。从分析角度来看，本文详细描述了测量程序，包括血液成分的分离和 TXRF 测量用样品的制备，随后讨论了方法的检测限。
