School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
Environ Int. 2021 Apr;149:106159. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106159. Epub 2021 Jan 25.
Circadian rhythms control the life of virtually all organisms. They regulate numerous aspects ranging from cellular processes to reproduction and behavior. Besides the light-dark cycle, there are additional environmental factors that regulate the circadian rhythms in animals as well as humans. Here, we outline the circadian rhythm system and considers zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a representative vertebrate organism. We characterize multiple physiological processes, which are affected by circadian rhythm disrupting compounds (circadian disrupters). We focus on and summarize 40 natural and anthropogenic environmental circadian disrupters in fish. They can be divided into six major categories: steroid hormones, metals, pesticides and biocides, polychlorinated biphenyls, neuroactive drugs and other compounds such as cyanobacterial toxins and bisphenol A. Steroid hormones as well as metals are most studied. Especially for progestins and glucocorticoids, circadian dysregulation was demonstrated in zebrafish on the molecular and physiological level, which comprise mainly behavioral alterations. Our review summarizes the current state of knowledge on circadian disrupters, highlights their risks to fish and identifies knowledge gaps in animals and humans. While most studies focus on transcriptional and behavioral alterations, additional effects and consequences are underexplored. Forthcoming studies should explore, which additional environmental circadian disrupters exist. They should clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms and aim to better understand the consequences for physiological processes.
昼夜节律控制着几乎所有生物体的生命。它们调节着从细胞过程到生殖和行为等众多方面。除了光-暗周期之外，还有其他环境因素调节动物和人类的昼夜节律。在这里，我们概述了昼夜节律系统，并以斑马鱼（Danio rerio）作为代表性的脊椎动物来进行讨论。我们描述了多个受昼夜节律破坏化合物（昼夜节律干扰物）影响的生理过程。我们重点关注并总结了鱼类中 40 种天然和人为的环境昼夜节律干扰物。它们可以分为六大类：类固醇激素、金属、农药和生物杀灭剂、多氯联苯、神经活性药物以及其他化合物，如蓝藻毒素和双酚 A。类固醇激素和金属是研究最多的。特别是对于孕激素和糖皮质激素，在斑马鱼的分子和生理水平上已经证明了昼夜节律失调，主要表现为行为改变。我们的综述总结了关于昼夜节律干扰物的现有知识状况，强调了它们对鱼类的风险，并确定了动物和人类中存在的知识空白。虽然大多数研究都集中在转录和行为改变上，但对其他影响和后果的研究还不够充分。未来的研究应该探索哪些额外的环境昼夜节律干扰物存在，并阐明其潜在的分子机制，旨在更好地理解它们对生理过程的影响。
