Silva Artur Mariana A, Costa Maria-Cecília D, Farrant Jill M, Hilhorst Henk W M
Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Emerg Top Life Sci. 2019 May 10;3(2):153-163. doi: 10.1042/ETLS20180139.
Plants being sessile organisms are well equipped genomically to respond to environmental stressors peculiar to their habitat. Evolution of plants onto land was enabled by the ability to tolerate extreme water loss (desiccation), a feature that has been retained within genomes but not universally expressed in most land plants today. In the majority of higher plants, desiccation tolerance (DT) is expressed only in reproductive tissues (seeds and pollen), but some 135 angiosperms display vegetative DT. Here, we review genome-level responses associated with DT, pointing out common and yet sometimes discrepant features, the latter relating to evolutionary adaptations to particular niches. Understanding DT can lead to the ultimate production of crops with greater tolerance of drought than is currently realized.
植物作为固着生物，在基因组层面具有良好的装备，能够应对其栖息地特有的环境压力源。植物向陆地的进化得益于耐受极端水分流失（脱水）的能力，这一特征保留在基因组中，但在如今的大多数陆地植物中并非普遍表达。在大多数高等植物中，脱水耐受性（DT）仅在生殖组织（种子和花粉）中表达，但约有135种被子植物表现出营养体DT。在这里，我们综述了与DT相关的基因组水平反应，指出了共同但有时存在差异的特征，后者与对特定生态位的进化适应有关。了解DT可以最终培育出比目前具有更强耐旱性的作物。
