Pashkov E A, Faizuloev E B, Svitich O A, Sergeev O V, Zverev V V
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera.
I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera.
Vopr Virusol. 2020 Sep 16;65(4):182-190. doi: 10.36233/0507-4088-2020-65-4-182-190.
Influenza is a worldwide public health problem. Annually, this infection affects up to 15% of the world population; and about half a million people die from this disease every year. Moreover, influenza A and B viruses tend to garner most of the attention, as these types are a major cause of the epidemics and pandemics. Although the influenza virus primarily affects the respiratory tract, it may also affect the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. Several antiviral drugs, that target various stages of viral reproduction, have been considered effective for the treatment and prevention of influenza, but some virus strains become resistant to these medications. Thus, new strategies and techniques should be developed to overcome the antiviral drug resistance. Recent studies suggest that new drugs based on RNA interference (RNAi) appear to be a promising therapeutic approach that regulates the activity of viral or cellular genes. As it is known, the RNAi is a eukaryotic gene regulatory mechanism that can be triggered by a foreign double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and results in the cleavage of the target messenger RNA (mRNA). This review discusses the prospects, advantages, and disadvantages of using RNAi in carrying out a specific treatment for influenza infection. However, some viruses confer resistance to small interfering RNAs (siRNA) targeting viral genes. This problem can significantly reduce the effectiveness of RNAi. Therefore, applying siRNAs targeting host cell factors required for influenza virus reproduction can be a way to overcome the antiviral drug resistance.
流感是一个全球性的公共卫生问题。每年，这种感染影响着全球多达15%的人口；每年约有50万人死于这种疾病。此外，甲型和乙型流感病毒往往最受关注，因为这些类型是疫情和大流行的主要原因。虽然流感病毒主要影响呼吸道，但它也可能影响心血管和中枢神经系统。几种针对病毒复制不同阶段的抗病毒药物已被认为对流感的治疗和预防有效，但一些病毒株对这些药物产生了耐药性。因此，应开发新的策略和技术来克服抗病毒药物耐药性。最近的研究表明，基于RNA干扰（RNAi）的新药似乎是一种有前途的治疗方法，可调节病毒或细胞基因的活性。众所周知，RNAi是一种真核基因调控机制，可由外源双链RNA（dsRNA）触发，并导致靶信使RNA（mRNA）的切割。本综述讨论了使用RNAi对流感感染进行特异性治疗的前景、优点和缺点。然而，一些病毒对靶向病毒基因的小干扰RNA（siRNA）具有抗性。这个问题会显著降低RNAi的有效性。因此，应用靶向流感病毒复制所需宿主细胞因子的siRNA可能是克服抗病毒药物耐药性的一种方法。
