Cummings Donelle, Wong Joyce, Palm Russell, Hoffe Sarah, Almhanna Khaldoun, Vignesh Shivakumar
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation-Metropolitan Hospital Center, 1901 First Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Division of Surgery, Mid Atlantic Kaiser Permanente, 700 2nd St. NE, 6th Floor, Washington, DC 20002, USA.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Feb 2;13(3):582. doi: 10.3390/cancers13030582.
Gastric and esophageal tumors are diverse neoplasms that involve mucosal and submucosal tissue layers and include squamous cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, spindle cell neoplasms, neuroendocrine tumors, marginal B cell lymphomas, along with less common tumors. The worldwide burden of esophageal and gastric malignancies is significant, with esophageal and gastric cancer representing the ninth and fifth most common cancers, respectively. The approach to diagnosis and staging of these lesions is multimodal and includes a combination of gastrointestinal endoscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, and cross-sectional imaging. Likewise, therapy is multidisciplinary and combines therapeutic endoscopy, surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic chemotherapeutic tools. Future directions for diagnosis of esophageal and gastric malignancies are evolving rapidly and will involve advances in endoscopic and endosonographic techniques including tethered capsules, optical coherence tomography, along with targeted cytologic and serological analyses.
胃和食管肿瘤是多种涉及黏膜和黏膜下层组织层的肿瘤，包括鳞状细胞癌、腺癌、梭形细胞瘤、神经内分泌肿瘤、边缘区B细胞淋巴瘤以及一些不太常见的肿瘤。食管和胃恶性肿瘤在全球造成的负担很重，食管癌和胃癌分别是第九和第五大常见癌症。这些病变的诊断和分期方法是多模式的，包括胃肠内镜检查、内镜超声检查和断层成像的联合应用。同样，治疗也是多学科的，结合了治疗性内镜检查、手术、放疗和全身化疗手段。食管和胃恶性肿瘤的诊断未来发展方向正在迅速演变，将涉及内镜和内镜超声技术的进步，包括系留胶囊、光学相干断层扫描，以及靶向细胞学和血清学分析。
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