Departamento de Antropología. Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, UK.
Forensic Sci Int. 2021 Mar;320:110706. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110706. Epub 2021 Jan 28.
In the context of exhumations of individuals who died during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), since the year 2000, over 780 mass graves have been excavated using archaeological methodology and following forensic protocols. Most of the recovered more than 9600 bodies have tended to be from the Republican civil population, the majority having been executed extrajudicially. However, a number of exhumations relate to the remains of soldiers who died in combat. In fact, approximately 100 individual or mass graves have been investigated and exhumed, containing the remains of combatants. These burials tend to be in the same location where they fell, usually in the front line, or close to the field hospitals where they went after being wounded initially. During the recovery of the human remains, a number of artefacts related to the uniform as well as personal effects have been found. An interdisciplinary approach from archaeology, anthropology, genetics, history and other disciplines has enabled the identification of some of these combatants. The aim of this paper is to present the data obtained from these combatants and highlight the work undertaken in Spain, and the efforts by scientists to exhume, identify and return the remains to relatives where possible.
在挖掘西班牙内战（1936-1939 年）期间死亡的个体的背景下，自 2000 年以来，已经使用考古方法并遵循法医协议挖掘了 780 多个乱葬坑。大多数挖掘出的 9600 多具尸体往往来自共和国民众，其中大多数是未经司法程序处决的。然而，一些挖掘涉及到在战斗中死亡的士兵的遗体。事实上，已经调查和挖掘了大约 100 个单独或集体的坟墓，里面有战斗人员的遗体。这些埋葬通常在他们倒下的地方，通常在前线，或者靠近他们最初受伤后去的野战医院附近。在恢复这些人类遗骸的过程中，发现了一些与制服以及个人物品有关的文物。考古学、人类学、遗传学、历史和其他学科的跨学科方法使我们能够识别出其中一些战斗人员。本文的目的是展示从这些战斗人员那里获得的数据，并强调在西班牙开展的工作，以及科学家们努力挖掘、识别和尽可能将遗骸归还给亲属。
