Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
Environ Health. 2021 Feb 11;20(1):11. doi: 10.1186/s12940-021-00697-z.
Exposure to air pollution during pregnancy has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in studies worldwide, other studies have described beneficial effects of residential greenspace on pregnancy outcomes. The biological mechanisms that underlie these associations are incompletely understood. A biological stress response, which implies release of cortisol, may underlie associations of air pollution exposure and access to neighborhood greenspaces with health.
We explored residential exposure to air pollution and residential access to neighborhood greenspaces in relation to hair cortisol concentrations of participants in a prospective pregnancy cohort study in Flanders, Belgium. Hair samples were collected at the end of the second pregnancy trimester (n = 133) and shortly after delivery (n = 81). Cortisol concentrations were measured in 3-cm scalp-near hair sections, to reflect second and third pregnancy trimester cortisol secretion. We estimated long-term (3 months before sampling) residential exposure to fine particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO) and black carbon (BC), assessed residential distance to major roads and residential access to neighborhood greenspaces (NHGS). Associations between residential exposures and hair cortisol concentrations were studied using linear regression models while adjusting for season of sampling.
Three-month mean residential NO and BC concentrations were positively associated with third pregnancy trimester hair cortisol concentrations (p = 0.008 and p = 0.017). Access to a large NHGS (10 ha or more within 800 m from residence) was negatively associated with third trimester hair cortisol concentrations (p = 0.019). Access to a large NHGS significantly moderated the association between residential proximity to major roads and second trimester hair cortisol concentrations (p = 0.021). Residential distance to major roads was negatively associated with second trimester hair cortisol concentrations of participants without access to a large NHGS (p = 0.003). The association was not significant for participants with access to a large NHGS. The moderation tended towards significance in the third pregnancy trimester (p < 0.10).
Our findings suggest a positive association between long-term residential exposure to air pollution and biological stress during pregnancy, residential access to neighborhood greenspaces may moderate the association. Further research is needed to confirm our results.
The IPANEMA study is registered under number NCT02592005 at clinicaltrials.gov .
在全球范围内的研究中，妊娠期间暴露于空气污染与不良妊娠结局有关，其他研究则描述了居住绿地对妊娠结局的有益影响。这些关联的潜在生物学机制尚不完全清楚。生物应激反应，即皮质醇的释放，可能是空气污染暴露和获得社区绿地与健康之间关联的基础。
我们在比利时佛兰德斯的一项前瞻性妊娠队列研究中，探讨了居住环境中空气污染暴露和居住环境中接触社区绿地与参与者头发皮质醇浓度之间的关系。在妊娠中期结束时（n=133）和分娩后不久（n=81）采集头发样本。在 3cm 头皮附近的头发部分测量皮质醇浓度，以反映妊娠中期和晚期皮质醇的分泌。我们估计了 3 个月前（采样前 3 个月）的长期居住地细颗粒物（PM）、二氧化氮（NO）和黑碳（BC）暴露情况，评估了居住地与主要道路的距离以及居住地接触社区绿地（NHGS）的情况。使用线性回归模型，在调整采样季节的情况下，研究了居住地暴露与头发皮质醇浓度之间的关系。
3 个月的平均居住 NO 和 BC 浓度与妊娠晚期头发皮质醇浓度呈正相关（p=0.008 和 p=0.017）。居住在大型 NHGS 附近（10 公顷或以上，距离住所 800 米以内）与妊娠晚期头发皮质醇浓度呈负相关（p=0.019）。大型 NHGS 的使用显著调节了居住地与主要道路的接近程度与妊娠中期头发皮质醇浓度之间的关系（p=0.021）。对于没有接触大型 NHGS 的参与者，居住地与主要道路的距离与妊娠中期头发皮质醇浓度呈负相关（p=0.003）。对于接触大型 NHGS 的参与者，这种关联不显著。这种调节在妊娠晚期趋于显著（p<0.10）。
我们的研究结果表明，长期居住环境中的空气污染暴露与妊娠期间的生物应激之间呈正相关，居住环境中接触社区绿地可能会调节这种关联。需要进一步的研究来证实我们的结果。
IPANEMA 研究在 clinicaltrials.gov 注册，编号为 NCT02592005。
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