Microscopy Center, University of Louisiana Lafayette, PO Box 43602-3602, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA.
Biology Department, University of Louisiana Lafayette, PO Box 43602-3602, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA.
Protoplasma. 2021 Jul;258(4):863-878. doi: 10.1007/s00709-021-01606-4. Epub 2021 Feb 13.
K, P, Cl, and Ca are distributed in tissue-specific patterns in Zea mays seedlings. These elements were mapped and analyzed using a relatively simple semi-quantitative technique, i.e., fast freezing, followed by freeze fracturing, then freeze drying, and finally scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). In the radicle, endogenously derived (i.e., from seed) K and P transition from being homogenous in the apical meristem to tissue-specific in older regions. At 3 mm from the radicle apex, K concentration is approximately 40 mM in mid-cortex and decreases by approximately 50% at 15 mm. From 3 to 55 mm, P concentration in pericycle is approximately twice that found in adjacent regions. Ca is not detectable in younger portions of the radicle by SEM/EDS, but in older regions, it is present at 13 mM in mid-cortex. K concentration values of entire radicles analyzed with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) exceeded the SEM/EDS values. For Ca, the reverse was true. But, SEM/EDS analysis did not include several vascular tissues that contained high concentrations of K and low concentrations of Ca. The inception of lateral root primordia was accompanied by a localized decrease in Ca in cortical regions that were centrifugal to the primordium tip. A region of O-rich cells in endosperm was identified centripetal to the aleurone. These results indicate that (1) outer, mid-, and inner cortical regions, as well as the adjacent tissues, have distinct ion accumulation properties, and (2) ions are concentrated in some radicle tissues prior to development of Casparian strips.
K、P、Cl 和 Ca 在玉米幼苗的组织中呈现特异性分布。这些元素通过一种相对简单的半定量技术进行定位和分析,即快速冷冻、随后进行冷冻断裂、然后进行冷冻干燥,最后进行扫描电子显微镜/能量色散光谱(SEM/EDS)分析。在胚根中,内源性(即来自种子)的 K 和 P 从顶端分生组织中的均匀分布转变为较老区域的组织特异性分布。在距胚根顶端 3 毫米处,中皮层的 K 浓度约为 40mM,并在 15 毫米处减少约 50%。从 3 到 55 毫米,中皮层中环细胞的 P 浓度约为相邻区域的两倍。通过 SEM/EDS,在胚根的较年轻部分无法检测到 Ca,但在较老区域,中皮层的 Ca 浓度为 13mM。使用电感耦合等离子体光学发射光谱(ICP-OES)分析整个胚根的 K 浓度值高于 SEM/EDS 值。对于 Ca,则相反。但是,SEM/EDS 分析并未包括含有高浓度 K 和低浓度 Ca 的几个血管组织。侧根原基的起始伴随着向原基尖端离心的皮层区域中 Ca 的局部减少。在胚乳中鉴定出一个富含 O 的细胞区域,向糊粉层的中心。这些结果表明:(1)外皮层、中皮层和内皮层以及相邻组织具有独特的离子积累特性;(2)在 Casparian 带发育之前,离子就已经在某些胚根组织中浓缩。