Instituto de Entomología, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251 (4000) San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
PROIMI-Biotecnología, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros (T4001 MVB) San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
Bull Entomol Res. 2021 Aug;111(4):438-444. doi: 10.1017/S0007485321000079. Epub 2021 Feb 15.
The corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), a specialist herbivore, is the cause of serious losses in maize yield for its capacity to transmit three important plant pathogens. They are also active phloem feeders, that insert stylets into the plant as they feed. Females place their eggs endophytically, totally inserted in the central midrib or the leaf blades, leaving conspicuous openings in the place where the ovipositor was inserted. In spite of the consequences that feeding and oviposition may have on the water status of the plant and the production of biomass, direct damage caused by the leafhopper has been only scarcely studied. In the present contribution, we measured biomass loss due to direct damage in maize plants under two watering regimes, with water supply ad libitum and with a watering restricted regime, emulating the most frequent field conditions. Moreover, we analyzed the effects of increasing densities of the vector on the biomass loss and plant mortality and the effects of females vs males. We observed that a density of 10 insects is sufficient to cause damage to 10-day-old seedlings, even in an ad libitum watering regime; however, in drought conditions, damage can be significantly greater, causing plant mortality. Also, females cause more damage than males, due to their oviposition habits.
玉米叶蝉(半翅目:叶蝉科)是一种专门以玉米为食的植食性昆虫,由于其能够传播三种重要的植物病原体,因此会导致玉米产量严重损失。玉米叶蝉还是活跃的韧皮部取食者,在取食时会将口针刺入植物。雌性将卵内生式地产在中脉或叶片内部,在产卵器插入的地方留下明显的开口。尽管取食和产卵可能会对植物的水分状况和生物量产生影响,但对叶蝉直接造成的损害的研究却很少。在本研究中,我们在两种浇水制度下测量了玉米植株因直接损害而导致的生物量损失,一种是自由供水,另一种是限制浇水,模拟了最常见的田间条件。此外,我们还分析了增加媒介密度对生物量损失和植物死亡率的影响,以及雌虫和雄虫的影响。我们观察到,即使在自由供水的条件下,密度为 10 只昆虫就足以对 10 天大的幼苗造成损害;然而,在干旱条件下,损害可能会显著增加,导致植物死亡。此外,由于产卵习惯,雌性造成的损害比雄性更大。