School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2021 Oct;56(10):1871-1880. doi: 10.1007/s00127-021-02040-w. Epub 2021 Feb 14.
Despite the increasing demand for public health measures to prevent problem gambling, few studies have examined the association between community characteristics and problem gambling. The aim of this nationally representative cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between a sense of community belonging and problem gambling in Canada. We also examined whether this relationship was modified by sex and marital status.
Canadian Community Health Survey (2013-2014) data from 38,968 residents of Quebec, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and British Columbia were analyzed. Problem gambling was assessed using the Canadian Problem Gambling Index. We estimated the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for problem gambling.
The prevalence of problem gambling was 1.4% (1.9% among males; 0.9% among females). We observed an inverse dose-response relationship between a sense of community belonging and problem gambling. Compared with those with a very strong sense of community belonging, the adjusted ORs for problem gambling were 1.07 (95% CI 0.65-1.76) for a somewhat strong sense, 1.27 (95% CI 0.77-2.11) for a somewhat weak sense, and 2.32 (95% CI 1.34-4.02) for a very weak sense of community belonging. The association was more prominent among females (except for those widowed/divorced/separated), whereas no clear association was found among males, irrespective of marital status.
When implementing public health measures to reduce problem gambling, it would be useful to account for possible differential impacts of a sense of community belonging by sex and marital status, which may reflect significant social contexts among residents.
尽管公众对预防赌博问题的公共卫生措施的需求不断增加，但很少有研究探讨社区特征与赌博问题之间的关系。本项具有全国代表性的横断面研究旨在调查加拿大社区归属感与赌博问题之间的关系。我们还检验了这种关系是否因性别和婚姻状况而有所改变。
对魁北克、萨斯喀彻温省、马尼托巴省和不列颠哥伦比亚省的 38968 名居民进行了 2013-2014 年加拿大社区健康调查的数据分析。使用加拿大赌博问题指数评估赌博问题。我们估计了赌博问题的比值比（OR）及其 95%置信区间（CI）。
赌博问题的患病率为 1.4%（男性为 1.9%；女性为 0.9%）。我们观察到社区归属感与赌博问题之间存在反向剂量反应关系。与社区归属感非常强烈的人群相比，社区归属感有些强烈、有些薄弱和非常薄弱的人群的赌博问题调整比值比（OR）分别为 1.07（95%CI 0.65-1.76）、1.27（95%CI 0.77-2.11）和 2.32（95%CI 1.34-4.02）。这种关联在女性中更为明显（丧偶/离婚/分居者除外），而在男性中无论婚姻状况如何，都没有明显的关联。
在实施减少赌博问题的公共卫生措施时，考虑社区归属感的性别和婚姻状况差异的潜在影响可能会很有用，因为这可能反映了居民之间的重要社会背景。
