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增强 Eomes CD8 T 细胞的生成可增强 OX40 和 CTLA-4 靶向免疫疗法的疗效。

Enhancing the Generation of Eomes CD8 T Cells Augments the Efficacy of OX40- and CTLA-4-Targeted Immunotherapy.

机构信息

Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology Department, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.

Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon.

出版信息

Cancer Immunol Res. 2021 Apr;9(4):430-440. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-20-0338. Epub 2021 Feb 16.

Abstract

CTLA-4 blockade in combination with an agonist OX40-specific monoclonal antibody synergizes to augment antitumor immunity through enhanced T-cell effector function, leading to increased survival in preclinical cancer models. We have shown previously that anti-OX40/anti-CTLA-4 combination therapy synergistically enhances the expression of Eomesodermin (Eomes) in CD8 T cells. Eomes is a critical transcription factor for the differentiation and memory function of CD8 T cells. We hypothesized that EomesCD8 T cells were necessary for anti-OX40/anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy efficacy and that further enhancement of this population would improve tumor-free survival. Indeed, CD8 T cell-specific deletion of Eomes abrogated the efficacy of anti-OX40/anti-CTLA-4 therapy. We also found that anti-OX40/anti-CTLA-4-induced EomesCD8 T cells expressed lower levels of checkpoint receptors (PD1, Tim-3, and Lag-3) and higher levels of effector cytokines (IFNγ and TNFα) than their Eomes counterparts. Eomes expression is negatively regulated in T cells through interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK) signaling. We investigated the impact of modulating ITK signaling with ibrutinib, an FDA-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and found that anti-OX40/anti-CTLA-4/ibrutinib therapy further enhanced CD8 T cell-specific Eomes expression, leading to enhanced tumor regression and improved survival, both of which were associated with increased T-cell effector function across multiple tumor models. Taken together, these data demonstrate the potential of anti-OX40/anti-CTLA-4/ibrutinib as a triple therapy to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy.

摘要

CTLA-4 阻断联合激动型 OX40 特异性单克隆抗体通过增强 T 细胞效应功能协同增强抗肿瘤免疫,导致临床前癌症模型中的存活率增加。我们之前已经表明,抗-OX40/抗-CTLA-4 联合治疗协同增强了 CD8 T 细胞中 Eomesodermin(Eomes)的表达。Eomes 是 CD8 T 细胞分化和记忆功能的关键转录因子。我们假设 EomesCD8 T 细胞是抗-OX40/抗-CTLA-4 免疫治疗疗效所必需的,并且进一步增强该群体将改善无肿瘤存活。事实上,CD8 T 细胞特异性 Eomes 缺失消除了抗-OX40/抗-CTLA-4 治疗的疗效。我们还发现,抗-OX40/抗-CTLA-4 诱导的 EomesCD8 T 细胞表达的检查点受体(PD1、Tim-3 和 Lag-3)水平较低,效应细胞因子(IFNγ 和 TNFα)水平较高,而它们的 Eomes 对应物则较低。T 细胞中的 Eomes 表达通过白细胞介素-2 诱导的 T 细胞激酶(ITK)信号通路负调节。我们研究了用伊布替尼(一种 FDA 批准的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂)调节 ITK 信号的影响,发现抗-OX40/抗-CTLA-4/伊布替尼治疗进一步增强了 CD8 T 细胞特异性 Eomes 表达,从而增强了肿瘤消退并改善了存活,这与多种肿瘤模型中的 T 细胞效应功能增强有关。综上所述,这些数据表明抗-OX40/抗-CTLA-4/伊布替尼作为三联疗法具有提高免疫疗法疗效的潜力。

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