Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany.
Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Nat Rev Genet. 2021 Jun;22(6):361-378. doi: 10.1038/s41576-021-00326-y. Epub 2021 Feb 17.
The human body is constantly exposed to microorganisms, which entails manifold interactions between human cells and diverse commensal or pathogenic bacteria. The cellular states of the interacting cells are decisive for the outcome of these encounters such as whether bacterial virulence programmes and host defence or tolerance mechanisms are induced. This Review summarizes how next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has become a primary technology to study host-microbe interactions with high resolution, improving our understanding of the physiological consequences and the mechanisms at play. We illustrate how the discriminatory power and sensitivity of RNA-seq helps to dissect increasingly complex cellular interactions in time and space down to the single-cell level. We also outline how future transcriptomics may answer currently open questions in host-microbe interactions and inform treatment schemes for microbial disorders.
人体不断暴露于微生物中，这导致了人体细胞与多种共生或病原性细菌之间的多重相互作用。相互作用细胞的细胞状态对于这些相互作用的结果是决定性的，例如是否诱导了细菌的毒力程序以及宿主防御或耐受机制。本综述总结了下一代 RNA 测序（RNA-seq）如何成为研究宿主-微生物相互作用的主要技术，具有高分辨率，提高了我们对生理后果和作用机制的理解。我们说明了 RNA-seq 的区分能力和灵敏度如何帮助剖析时间和空间上越来越复杂的细胞相互作用，直至单细胞水平。我们还概述了未来的转录组学如何回答宿主-微生物相互作用中当前存在的问题，并为微生物疾病的治疗方案提供信息。
