Use of Porous Polystyrene Scaffolds to Bioengineer Human Epithelial Tissues In Vitro.

In vitro epithelial models are valuable tools for both academic and industrial laboratories to investigate tissue physiology and disease. Epithelial tissues comprise the surface epithelium, basement membrane, and underlying supporting stromal cells. There are various types of epithelial tissue and they have a diverse and intricate architecture in vivo, which cannot be successfully recapitulated using two-dimensional (2D) cell culture. Tissue engineering strategies can be applied to bioengineer the organized, multilayered, and multicellular structure of epithelial tissues in vitro. Alvetex is a porous, polystyrene scaffold that enables fibroblasts to synthesize a complex network of endogenous, humanized extracellular matrix proteins. This creates a physiologically relevant three-dimensional (3D) subepithelial microenvironment, enriched with mechanical and chemical cues, which supports the organization and differentiation of epithelial cells. Such technology has been used to bioengineer different epithelial architectures in vitro, including the simple, columnar structure of the intestine and the stratified, squamous, and keratinized structure of skin. Epithelial tissue models provide a useful platform for fundamental and translational research, with multifaceted applications including disease modeling, drug discovery, and product development.