Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China; Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China; Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
Exp Eye Res. 2021 Apr;205:108506. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108506. Epub 2021 Feb 18.
Glaucoma is a neuropathic disease that causes optic nerve damage, loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), and visual field defects. Most glaucoma patients have no early signs or symptoms. Conventional pharmacological glaucoma medications and surgeries that focus on lowering intraocular pressure are not sufficient; RGCs continue to die, and the patient's vision continues to decline. Recent evidence has demonstrated that neuroprotective approaches could be a promising strategy for protecting against glaucoma. In the case of glaucoma, neuroprotection aims to prevent or slow down disease progression by mitigating RGCs death and optic nerve degeneration. Notably, new pharmacologic medications such as antiglaucomatous agents, antibiotics, dietary supplementation, novel neuroprotective molecules, neurotrophic factors, translational methods such as gene therapy and cell therapy, and electrical stimulation-based physiotherapy are emerging to attenuate the death of RGCs, or to make RGCs resilient to attacks. Understanding the roles of these interventions in RGC protection may offer benefits over traditional pharmacological medications and surgeries. In this review, we summarize the recent neuroprotective strategy for glaucoma, both in clinical trials and in laboratory research.
青光眼是一种神经病变性疾病，可导致视神经损伤、视网膜神经节细胞（RGC）丧失和视野缺损。大多数青光眼患者早期没有明显的症状或体征。传统的降眼压药物和手术虽然能降低眼压，但并不能完全阻止青光眼的进展，RGC 仍在不断死亡，患者的视力也在持续下降。最近的证据表明，神经保护方法可能是预防和治疗青光眼的一种有前途的策略。在青光眼的情况下，神经保护旨在通过减轻 RGC 死亡和视神经变性来预防或减缓疾病的进展。值得注意的是，一些新的药理学药物，如抗青光眼药物、抗生素、饮食补充剂、新型神经保护分子、神经营养因子、基因治疗和细胞治疗等转化方法以及基于电刺激的物理疗法，正被用于减轻 RGC 的死亡，或使 RGC 对攻击具有更强的抵抗力。了解这些干预措施在 RGC 保护中的作用可能比传统的药理学药物和手术更有优势。在本文中，我们总结了最近在临床试验和实验室研究中用于青光眼的神经保护策略。
