Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
Environ Pollut. 2020 Aug;263(Pt A):114565. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114565. Epub 2020 Apr 11.
Knowledge regarding the exposure risk of heavy metals in estuarine wetland is important for people (especially fishermen and consumers of local fish) living in the coastal area and the coastal reclamation. Here, we assessed the ecological and human health risks of sediment-associated metals in the large-scale estuary area based on different sediment textures (Mud, Mud-Sand, and Sand). To investigate the potential impact of terrestrial material on the contamination risks, glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP), a recalcitrant soil protein fraction, was used. Results showed that the estuarine sediment texture played a rather important role in the heavy metal distribution, risk assessment, and the metal sequestration capacity of the land-derived GRSP fraction. We found arsenic, Pb, Cd, and Cr had the highest enrichment in the estuarine wetlands by calculating multiple contamination indices, and that confirmed similar findings of heavy metal contents, except Cd. The average pollution load index (PLI) was 1.67 in all the estuarine sediments, indicating multi-element contamination, with the Muddy sediments (PLI = 2.07) significantly higher than the Mud-Sand mixed sediments (PLI = 1.85), and the lowest (0.78 < 1) in the Sandy sediments. The health risk assessment suggested that the potential cancer risk occurred (>1.00E-6) but no obvious non-carcinogenic effects occurred (<1). Arsenic was found to be the primary contributor to non-carcinogenic risk, accounting for 44.2% of hazard index, while Ni is the primary control metal for carcinogenic risk (except arsenic in the Sandy sediments). As a proxy of terrestrial organic matter, GRSP fraction possessed a high sequestration capacity for heavy metal, especially in the Sandy sediments, and it was significantly associated with the mitigation of ecological and health risks, which may provide new insights into the in situ remediation of anoxic estuarine wetlands.
有关河口湿地重金属暴露风险的知识对于生活在沿海地区和沿海开垦区的人们（尤其是渔民和当地鱼类消费者）非常重要。在这里，我们根据不同的沉积物质地（泥、泥-砂和砂）评估了大规模河口地区沉积物相关金属的生态和人类健康风险。为了研究陆地物质对污染风险的潜在影响，我们使用了与土壤胶结蛋白（GRSP）相关的土壤蛋白，这是一种难降解的土壤蛋白部分。结果表明，河口沉积物质地在重金属分布、风险评估以及源自陆地的 GRSP 部分的金属固定能力方面起着相当重要的作用。我们通过计算多种污染指数发现，砷、Pb、Cd 和 Cr 在河口湿地中的富集程度最高，这证实了重金属含量的类似发现，除了 Cd。所有河口沉积物的平均污染负荷指数（PLI）均为 1.67，表明存在多元素污染，其中泥质沉积物（PLI=2.07）明显高于泥-砂混合沉积物（PLI=1.85），而砂质沉积物最低（0.78<1）。健康风险评估表明，潜在的癌症风险（>1.00E-6）发生，但没有明显的非致癌效应（<1）。砷被发现是造成非致癌风险的主要因素，占危害指数的 44.2%，而 Ni 是致癌风险的主要控制金属（砂质沉积物中的砷除外）。作为陆地有机质的代表，GRSP 部分对重金属具有很高的固定能力，特别是在砂质沉积物中，这与减轻生态和健康风险显著相关，这可能为缺氧河口湿地的原位修复提供新的思路。
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